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, , , .

1.

N 0 = {0, 1, 2, 3, } : 3. , , .

:

) , Î N 0 3 , ;

) , , Î N 0, 3, 3;

) , x, y, z Î N 0, 3, z 3, z 3.

, : 3 , N 0 . 3.

[0] , 3 0,
.. [0] = {0, 3, 6, 9, 12 }, [0] = {3 k }, k Î N 0.

[1] , 3 1,
.. [1] = {1, 4, 7, 10, 13 }, [1] = {3 k + 1};

[2] , 3 2,
.. [2] = {2, 5, 8, 11, 14 }, [2] = {3 k + 2}.

, N 0 3 , , , m m .

2. N : ( 1, 1) ( 2, 2) .

, , .

, :

) , (, ) = ;

) , ( 1, 1) ( 2, 2), 1 2 = 1 2, 2 1 = 2 1;

) , ( 1, 1), ( 2, 2), ( 3, 3), 1 2 = 1 2 2 3 = 2 3,
1 2 2 3 = 1 2 2 3, .. 1 3 = 1 3.

, N . .

, (1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6) {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), }. , .. , (1, 2). : , . - (), ( ), . , , , , , , , .

, , , P N, , , .. .





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