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1.ѧܧڧ ѧ٧ߧӧڧէߧ ѧӧߧڧܧ ӧ ٧ߧѧ֧? (ѧӧߧڧ ӧ֧ڧ 4 (ߧ ܧ ٧ܧ) – HELPR
ѧӧߧڧ ӧ֧ڧ 5 – HELP
ѧӧߧڧ ӧ֧ڧ 6 (XVIEW) – TECHHELP)
1. ѧܧѧاڧ ܧާѧߧէ , ܧѧ ٧ѧէѧߧ ӧѧ֧ ӧѧڧѧߧ.
2. ѧܧѧاڧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ, ܧ ٧ѧէѧߧ ӧѧ֧ ӧѧڧѧߧ.
3. ѧܧѧاڧ ѧӧݧڧ ҧݧ, ܧ ٧ѧէѧ ӧѧ֧ ӧѧڧѧߧ.
4. ѧ ѧ֧ѧѧ (ڧݧ ֧֧ߧ֧ ֧ ) ֧٧ݧѧ ڧܧ ѧӧߧڧܧ? (ݧ ڧ٧֧ߧڧ ݧ֧ܧߧߧ ѧӧߧڧܧ է֧ߧ ѧާ֧ݧߧ էݧ ݧҧԧ (ߧ ӧҧ) ڧݧ٧֧ާԧ ѧӧߧڧܧ ѧӧݧ֧ ܧѧܧ ڧߧܧڧ էݧ ѧҧ ߧڧ. ߧܧڧ ӧѧӧݧ֧ ֧ .)
ѧ ާاߧ ڧݧ٧ӧѧ ܧߧܧ֧ߧ ѧӧߧڧ? ( ֧ ѧҧ է֧ߧ է֧ѧݧߧ ڧ٧ѧ֧ ٧ѧէѧߧߧ ӧѧڧѧߧѧ ڧߧާѧڧ, էݧ ֧ԧ ާا֧ ֧ҧӧѧ ڧݧ٧ӧѧߧڧ ߧ֧ܧݧܧڧ ѧӧߧڧܧ էݧߧڧ֧ݧߧ ݧڧ֧ѧ, ѧܧا ٧ߧѧߧڧ ѧߧԧݧڧۧܧԧ ٧ܧ ҧݧѧ ԧѧާާڧӧѧߧڧ. ݧ ڧߧާѧڧ ӧڧ ӧѧڧѧߧѧ ߧاߧ ٧ߧѧ ӧ֧ѧ ߧ ݧҧ ܧߧݧߧ ӧ ӧ ӧ֧ާ ӧѧڧѧߧ. ݧ ߧѧۧէ֧ߧ ڧߧާѧڧ ߧ ѧߧԧݧڧۧܧ ٧ܧ, ݧߧ ֧֧ӧ ֧ ߧ ֧ҧ֧. اߧ ֧֧ӧ֧ ݧܧ ٧ѧԧݧӧ ѧ ѧӧߧڧܧ է֧ѧݧߧ ѧ٧ҧѧ ֧ է֧اѧߧڧ.)
5. ݧ ֧ԧ ߧاߧ ܧާѧߧէ ? ( ֧ڧѧݧߧ ߧѧҧ ڧߧܧڧ ֧ܧӧ ާѧ, ާ ܧ ާاߧ ѧӧݧ (ҧݧ ߧѧҧ ӧ٧ާاߧ֧ - ӧݧ է ӧܧݧ֧ߧڧ ܧާ֧).)
6. ܧѧܧڧ ֧اڧާѧ ާاߧ ӧݧ٧ӧѧ ܧާѧߧէѧާ ڧݧڧѧާ ? ( - ݧߧڧ - CMD.EXE, DOSBox ӧ֧ڧ 0.74 )
7. ݧ ֧ԧ ߧاߧ ѧӧݧڧ ҧݧܧ ? ( ܧ էѧߧߧ, ܧ էߧ ԧѧާާڧӧѧߧڧ ߧ ߧڧاߧ֧ ӧߧ ѧܧا ڧݧ٧ էݧ ѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ [4,7-9]. ҧݧܧѧ է֧اڧ ڧߧާѧڧ ѧ֧է֧ݧ֧ߧڧ ֧ѧڧӧߧ ѧާ, ܧ ѧۧݧѧ, ܧ ѧߧ֧ߧڧ ڧߧާѧڧ ߧ էڧܧѧ ..)
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ѧܧڧ ߧӧߧ ܧݧѧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ ٧ߧѧ֧? (֧ӧ֧ 6 ܧݧѧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ 1. ԧѧާާ-֧ӧѧߧڧ ڧ֧ާߧ էڧ֧ܧڧӧ. ߧڧڧѧ - ѧܧڧӧߧ ֧, ӧݧߧڧӧڧ ҧѧ֧ߧڧ ֧ӧڧ٧, ֧ ٧ѧ ߧ ֧էѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ ڧ֧ާߧ ӧڧݧڧ֧ݧߧ ݧԧ.2. ֧ӧѧߧڧ ӧӧէ-ӧӧէ. ߧڧڧڧ ۧӧ ӧӧէ/ӧӧէ () ڧԧߧѧݧڧ٧ڧ , ڧ٧ݧ ڧ٧ާ֧ߧ֧ߧڧ ߧڧ ܧѧߧѧݧ ӧӧէ-ӧӧէ () ڧݧ (ߧѧڧާ֧: ٧ѧӧ֧֧ߧڧ ֧ѧڧ, ڧҧܧ, ֧֧ ۧӧ ߧڧ ԧӧߧ).3. ߧ֧ߧڧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ. ѧاѧڧ ֧ѧѧާ ܧݧѧӧڧ ߧ ѧߧ֧ݧ ڧݧ ڧ֧ ڧԧߧѧݧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ էԧԧ ާݧڧ֧ߧ ڧ֧ާ, ڧԧߧѧݧ ާէ֧ާ 4. ֧ӧѧߧڧ ֧ѧ. ѧاѧڧ ֧ѧ ܧߧܧ ֧ѧ ڧݧ Reset.5. ԧڧ֧ܧڧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ ܧߧݧ ԧѧާާ ӧ٧ӧѧ ԧѧާާߧާ ڧҧܧѧާ, ҧߧѧا֧ߧߧާ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ԧѧާާ (է֧ݧ֧ߧڧ ߧ 0, ܧ ӧݧߧڧ ڧӧڧݧ֧ԧڧӧѧߧߧ ܧާѧߧէ ݧ٧ӧѧ֧ݧܧ ֧اڧާ, ߧ֧ӧ֧ߧ ܧ ֧ѧڧ, ٧ѧڧ ѧާ ..).6. ֧ӧѧߧڧ ܧߧݧ ާѧڧߧ ڧ-٧ ѧѧѧߧ ڧҧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ է֧ߧ ڧڧ֧ѧ. ֧է֧ݧ֧ߧߧ ڧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ ٧ѧ֧ѧ֧ ӧ ڧ ާݧѧէڧ ѧ٧֧ѧ֧ ѧڧ. ֧ѧԧڧ֧ ݧܧ ߧ ѧ٧֧֧ߧߧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ, ҧѧҧܧ ٧ѧ֧֧ߧߧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ ݧڧҧ ٧ѧէ֧اڧӧѧ֧, ݧڧҧ, ߧ֧ܧ ݧѧ, ڧԧߧڧ֧.)
8. ѧ ֧֧ӧ֧ ߧާ֧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ (33 - 25)10 (??h -??h)16?
9. ѧ ݧڧ ҧ֧ ԧݧѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ ѧӧߧڧܧ?
10. ѧ ֧է֧ݧڧ ڧݧ٧֧ ݧ էѧߧߧѧ ܧާѧߧէ ܧߧܧ֧ߧ ӧ֧ڧ ֧ѧڧߧߧ ڧ֧ާ? (ߧѧҧ ܧާѧߧէ HELP)
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1. ѧܧ ٧ߧѧ ֧ѧڧ ߧ֧ߧڧ ߧ֧ҧէڧާ ѧӧڧ ܧާѧߧէ IF ާ֧اէ ܧݧ֧ӧ ݧӧ ERRORLEVEL ڧݧ ӧާ֧ ҧ֧ݧ? (IF %ERRORLEVEL% EQU 1)
2. ֧ާ ڧݧ٧ӧѧߧڧ ֧֧ܧݧѧ֧ݧ ܧާѧߧէѧާ IF GOTO է ӧ֧ܧ ڧ֧ էݧا֧ ҧ ҧѧߧ, ڧݧ٧ӧѧߧڧ IF SET ާ?
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3. ֧֧ڧݧڧ ߧӧߧ էڧ֧ܧڧӧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧ (). (ڧ֧ܧڧӧ IF – էݧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ѧڧ ӧ֧ӧݧ֧ߧڧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧѧ, ԧѧߧڧ٧ѧڧ ڧܧݧ ӧ֧ܧ ݧӧڧ (ݧӧߧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ݧ֧է֧ էڧ֧ܧڧӧ).
- ڧ֧ܧڧӧ SET – էݧ ڧӧѧڧӧѧߧڧ ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧ ܧا֧ߧڧ (֧֧ާ֧ߧߧ ) ٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ ڧݧ ڧ ӧӧէ ֧ڧѧݧߧ ֧اڧާ (. ѧӧܧ ѧѧާ֧ѧ /A /P).
- ڧ֧ܧڧӧ SHIFT – էݧ ڧ٧ާ֧ߧ֧ߧڧ էܧ ݧ֧էӧѧߧڧ (էӧڧԧ ӧݧ֧ӧ) ѧѧާ֧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ܧ, ٧ѧէѧߧߧ ٧ѧܧ ԧѧާާ.
- ڧ֧ܧڧӧ FOR – էݧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ѧڧ ڧܧݧڧ֧ܧԧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ էߧէߧ ܧާѧߧ ڧާ֧ߧڧ֧ݧߧ ާߧا֧ӧ ֧է֧ݧ֧ߧߧ ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧ.
- ڧ֧ܧڧӧ ECHO – էݧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ѧڧ ӧӧէ ߧ ܧߧݧ ֧֧ܧݧ֧ߧڧ ֧اڧާ ӧӧէ ڧߧާѧڧ.
- ڧ֧ܧڧӧ GOTO – էݧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ҧ֧٧ݧӧߧ ֧֧է ߧ ܧߧܧ֧ߧ ާ֧ܧ ԧѧާާ էѧߧߧԧ ܧާѧߧէߧԧ ѧۧݧ.
- ڧ֧ܧڧӧ PAUSE – էݧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ѧڧ ѧ٧ (֧ԧ ӧ֧ާ֧ߧߧ ڧѧߧӧܧ) ѧҧ ܧާѧߧէߧԧ ѧۧݧ ٧ѧէѧߧڧ ڧߧާѧڧߧߧԧ ҧ֧ߧڧ.
- ڧ֧ܧڧӧ REM – էݧ ܧާާ֧ߧڧӧѧߧڧ է֧ݧߧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧ.
- ڧ֧ܧڧӧ CALL – ݧ ӧ٧ӧ ӧ٧ӧѧ էԧڧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧ ӧ٧ӧѧ (ӧݧا֧ߧߧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧ) էѧߧߧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧ (ѧߧѧݧԧڧߧ ӧ٧ӧ ߧܧڧ ֧է).
- ڧ֧ܧڧӧ EXIT – էݧ ٧ѧӧ֧֧ߧڧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ֧ܧ֧ԧ ܧާѧߧէߧԧ ѧۧݧ, ӧݧا֧ߧߧԧ ڧݧ ܧާѧߧէߧԧ ڧߧ֧֧ѧ (CMD.EXE). ݧ էѧߧߧѧ ܧާѧߧէ ӧݧߧ֧ ӧ ӧݧا֧ߧߧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧ ҧ֧ ѧѧާ֧ (/b), ӧݧߧ֧ ٧ѧӧ֧֧ߧڧ ѧҧ ӧ֧ ӧݧا֧ߧߧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧ (ѧܧڧ֧ܧ ٧ѧӧ֧ѧ֧ CMD.EXE). ݧ ѧѧާ֧ (/b) ѧߧӧݧ֧, ӧݧߧ֧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ߧӧߧ (ӧ٧ӧѧڧ) ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧ ѧۧ.
- ڧ֧ܧڧӧ CLS – էݧ ڧܧ ܧѧߧ էڧݧ֧ (ܧߧݧ) ާާ֧ߧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ էѧߧߧ էڧ֧ܧڧӧ.
էڧڧܧѧ @ - էݧ ܧݧ֧ߧڧ ӧӧէ էߧ էڧ֧ܧڧӧ ߧ ܧѧ էڧݧ֧.)
3. ѧܧڧ ܧާѧߧէ ٧ܧ ڧѧߧڧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧ ӧ ٧ߧѧ֧? ((ߧا֧ ֧اڧ ECHO ON, ߧ ECHO OFF).)
4. اߧ ݧ ߧ էߧ ܧ ܧާѧߧէߧԧ ѧۧݧ ѧݧاڧ էӧ ڧݧ ҧݧ֧ ާ֧ܧ, էӧ ڧݧ ҧݧ֧ ܧާѧߧէ? (& - էڧߧߧ ѧާ֧ѧߧ ڧݧ٧֧ էݧ ѧ٧է֧ݧ֧ߧڧ ߧ֧ܧݧܧڧ ܧާѧߧ էߧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ܧ.)
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5. ѧ ݧڧ ҧ ѧӧܧ էݧ ڧݧڧ BE ѧӧܧ ֧ է֧ݧߧ ܧާѧߧէѧ? (
ߧܧڧ ѧҧ ڧݧڧ BE/CHOICE ާاߧ ݧڧ, ӧ٧ӧѧ ֧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ܧ ѧ: " >BE? "
6. ѧ ӧӧ֧ ܧ ާ ܧާѧߧէ ECHO? (ܧާѧߧէ @echo.)
ѧܧڧ ҧѧ٧ ߧاߧ ߧѧڧ ܧ ܧէڧӧܧ ڧާӧݧ էݧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ԧѧާާ ܧާѧߧէߧ ܧ (ܧާާ֧ߧѧڧ ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧ)? (ݧ ڧ٧ާ֧ߧ֧ߧڧ ܧէڧӧܧ ѧ ا ڧާ֧ߧڧ chcp ݧ֧է֧ ާѧ: Chcp <ܧ>)
6. ѧܧڧ ӧѧڧѧߧ ѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ ߧܧѧާ ާ֧ߧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧѧ ( ܧݧѧӧڧѧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ѧڧ ѧҧ ֧֧ܧݧѧ֧ݧ) ٧ߧѧ֧?
7. ѧܧ ? ݧ ֧ԧ ߧ ڧݧ٧֧? (էѧߧߧѧ ѧҧҧ֧ӧڧѧ ڧާ֧֧ էӧ ӧ٧ާاߧ ѧڧӧܧ: ֧ܧ ާѧݧߧѧ ާ (ҧݧ֧ ѧߧߧ) ֧ܧ ѧ ާ (ҧݧ֧ ٧էߧ), ݧ٧֧ էݧ ڧѧߧڧ ڧߧѧܧڧ ٧ܧ ԧѧާާڧӧѧߧڧ, էѧߧߧ, ܧݧ (ߧѧڧާ֧, էܧާ֧ߧѧ RFC) . . (ڧק ܧѧ ԧѧާާѧڧܧ, ѧ ֧ԧݧߧ ݧ֧ܧڧܧ, ܧݧܧ ֧ԧݧߧ ԧѧާާѧڧܧ ӧݧ էާߧا֧ӧ ܧߧ֧ܧߧ-ӧҧէߧ).)
8. ܧѧܧ ݧ֧էӧѧ֧ݧߧ ߧاߧ ӧݧߧ ӧ֧ܧ IF էݧ GOTO? ҧѧߧ
9. ܧѧܧ ݧ֧էӧѧ֧ݧߧ ߧاߧ ӧݧߧ ӧ֧ܧ IF էݧ SET? ާ
10. ѧܧԧ ڧ ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧ ާاߧ ڧݧ٧ӧѧ ԧѧާާڧӧѧߧڧ ?
11. ѧ ҧ٧ߧѧѧ֧ ާ֧ܧ ֧֧ ߧ ߧ֧? ߧڧ ߧ ڧާ֧.
(֧ܧ, ֧ݧ ߧ ڧݧ٧֧, ٧ܧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧ էݧاߧ ѧݧѧԧѧ ߧѧѧݧ ܧ, ڧާ֧ ڧާӧݧߧ (ڧݧ ڧӧ) ҧ٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ, ܧ, ܧѧ, ާا֧ ѧܧا ߧѧڧߧѧ ڧӧԧ ڧާӧݧ (ѧڧާ֧, - :MET1, :10, :LAB). ֧ܧ էݧاߧ ҧ ߧڧܧѧݧߧާ ֧է֧ݧѧ էߧԧ . ݧ ҧ٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ ާ֧ էܧѧ֧ ڧݧ٧ӧѧ ݧܧ ݧѧڧߧܧڧ ڧާӧݧ.)
12. ѧ ާاߧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ӧѧ ڧܧ ԧѧާާ ߧ ٧ܧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧ? (if, For)
13. ѧ ާاߧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ӧѧ ֧֧ܧݧѧ֧ݧ ԧѧާާ ߧ ٧ܧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧ?
14. ѧܧڧ ާѧݧڧ٧ӧѧߧߧ ٧ܧ էݧ ڧѧߧڧ ڧߧܧڧ ӧ ٧ߧѧ֧?
15. ѧܧ ֧ާڧߧѧݧߧ ߧ֧֧ާڧߧѧݧߧ ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧ ? (֧ާڧߧѧݧߧ ڧާӧݧ — ާڧߧڧާѧݧߧ ݧ֧ާ֧ߧ ԧѧާާѧڧܧ, ߧ ڧާ֧ڧ ҧӧ֧ߧߧ ԧѧާާѧڧ֧ܧ ܧ. ֧ާڧߧѧݧߧ ڧާӧݧ — ݧڧҧ ֧է֧է֧ݧקߧߧ ڧէ֧ߧڧڧܧѧ (ڧާ֧ߧ, ڧѧڧ֧ ٧ѧէѧߧߧާ էݧ էѧߧߧԧ ڧѧߧڧ ԧѧާާѧڧܧ), ݧڧҧ ֧ܧ — ݧ֧էӧѧ֧ݧߧ ڧާӧݧ ܧѧӧܧѧ ڧݧ ѧѧ.
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· ֧֧ާڧߧѧݧߧ ڧާӧݧ — ݧ֧ާ֧ߧ ԧѧާާѧڧܧ, ڧާ֧ڧ ҧӧ֧ߧߧ ڧާ֧ߧ ܧ. ѧاէ ߧ֧֧ާڧߧѧݧߧ ڧާӧ ڧ ڧ էߧԧ ڧݧ ҧݧ֧ ֧ާڧߧѧݧߧ /ڧݧ ߧ֧֧ާڧߧѧݧߧ ڧާӧݧ, ֧ѧߧڧ ܧ ֧է֧ݧ֧ ѧӧڧݧѧާ ԧѧާާѧڧܧ. ܧѧاէ ߧ֧֧ާڧߧѧݧߧ ڧާӧ ڧާ֧֧ ڧާ, ܧ ֧էѧӧݧ֧ ҧ ܧ ڧާӧݧ)
16. ѧ ާاߧ ٧ѧڧѧ ڧߧѧܧڧ֧ܧ ѧӧڧݧ ڧѧߧڧ ٧ܧ ()? (ѧӧڧݧ ڧާ֧֧ ӧڧ:
ڧէ֧ߧڧڧܧѧ = ӧѧا֧ߧڧ.
ԧէ ڧէ֧ߧڧڧܧѧ — ڧާ ߧ֧֧ާڧߧѧݧߧԧ ڧާӧݧ, ӧѧا֧ߧڧ — ӧ֧ӧѧ ѧӧڧݧѧ ܧާҧڧߧѧڧ ֧ާڧߧѧݧߧ ߧ֧֧ާڧߧѧݧߧ ڧާӧݧ ֧ڧѧݧߧ ٧ߧѧܧ. ܧ ܧߧ — ֧ڧѧݧߧ ڧާӧ, ܧѧ٧ӧѧڧ ߧ ٧ѧӧ֧֧ߧڧ ѧӧڧݧ.
)
17. ѧܧԧ ڧ ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧ ާاߧ ڧݧ٧ӧѧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧѧ? ( Windows ѧ٧ݧڧѧ էӧ ӧڧէ ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧ ֧է: ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧ ֧է֧ѧڧߧߧ ڧ֧ާ (ڧ֧ާߧ ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧ) ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧ ֧է ֧ܧ֧ԧݧ٧ӧѧ֧ݧ.ѧܧ ѧѧާ֧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ܧ? (ѧѧާ֧ ٧ѧܧ ѧ٧է֧ݧ ҧ֧ݧѧާ ֧֧էѧ ԧѧާާ ܧާѧߧէߧԧ ѧۧݧ ֧ڧѧݧߧާ ҧ٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧާ ( ߧާ֧ ٧ѧէѧߧڧ %<ߧާ֧ >) ާԧ ߧ֧ ڧݧ٧ӧѧ ߧѧѧӧߧ ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧާ (ѧѧާ֧ ڧާ֧ ҧ٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ - %0, %1, %9). ѧѧާ֧ - %0 է֧اڧ ڧާ ٧ѧܧѧ֧ާԧ ܧާѧߧէߧԧ ѧۧݧ. ڧߧѧܧڧ ٧ѧܧ ѧѧާ֧ѧާ ߧ ٧ܧ ڧާ֧֧ ӧڧ:
<٧ѧ ѧѧާ֧ѧާ>:= <ڧާ ԧѧާާ>_ <ѧѧާ֧> |
<٧ѧ ѧѧާ֧ѧާ> <ѧ٧է֧ݧڧ֧ݧ> <ѧѧާ֧>
<ѧ٧է֧ݧڧ֧ݧ>:= _ |, |;
ݧ ѧ:
<٧ѧ ѧѧާ֧ѧާ>:= <ڧާ ԧѧާާ>_><ѧѧާ֧>
[ {<ѧ٧է֧ݧڧ֧ݧ><ѧѧާ֧> } ])
15. ѧ ާاߧ ٧ѧէѧ ݧڧ ԧѧާާ ѧѧާ֧?
16. ѧܧӧ ֧ݧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ? (֧ݧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ݧѧҧѧߧ ѧҧ ӧݧ֧ ڧ٧֧ߧڧ ڧ٧֧ߧڧ ٧ܧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧ , ѧ٧ѧҧܧ ݧѧէܧ ԧѧާާ ߧ ٧ܧ ٧ѧէѧߧߧާ ڧߧէڧӧڧէѧݧߧާ ӧѧڧѧߧ)
17. ѧܧӧ ҧ֧ է֧اѧߧڧ ?
3
1. ѧܧڧ է֧ۧӧڧ ӧݧߧ֧ ܧާѧߧէ LOOP? (ݧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ѧڧ ڧܧݧ ֧էߧѧ٧ߧѧ֧ߧ ܧާѧߧէ LOOP. ܧާѧߧէ էڧ ֧ѧߧ — ڧާ ާ֧ܧ, ߧ ܧ ֧ӧݧ֧ ֧֧. ܧѧ֧ӧ קڧܧ ڧܧݧ ڧݧ٧֧ ֧ԧڧ CX. ާѧߧէ LOOP ӧݧߧ֧ է֧ܧ֧ާ֧ߧ CX, ٧ѧ֧ ӧ֧֧ ֧ԧ ٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ. ݧ է֧اڧާ CX ߧ ѧӧߧ ߧݧ, ֧ӧݧ֧ ֧֧ ߧ ާ֧ܧ, ڧߧѧ ѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ ֧֧էڧ ݧ֧է֧ ݧ LOOP ܧާѧߧէ.)
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- 2. ѧܧڧ ߧӧߧ ߧܧڧ ӧݧߧ֧ ݧѧէڧ ԧѧާާڧӧѧߧڧ ߧ ֧ާҧݧ֧? (ڧާӧݧߧѧ ݧѧէܧ ԧѧާ ܧѧ ֧ާڧߧѧ ٧ܧ ӧܧԧ ӧߧ (, ++, էݧ-2), ѧ ٧ܧ ѧ֧ާҧݧ֧ (ӧ֧ߧ ާѧڧߧߧ ܧާѧߧ); (ܧ ҧ֧֧ڧӧѧ֧ ӧ٧ާاߧ ֧ܧڧӧߧ ӧ֧ܧ ԧѧާ ڧѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ ڧҧ ԧѧާާѧ.)
· ٧ѧ ԧѧާ ѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ֧ ݧѧէڧܧ, ѧߧѧݧڧ ާ֧ߧԧ էѧާ (core-ѧۧݧ) ѧӧѧڧۧߧ ٧ѧӧ֧ڧӧڧ ԧѧާ, "էܧݧ֧ߧڧ" ا ӧݧߧ֧ۧ ԧѧާާ;
· ѧԧӧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ԧѧާ;
· ѧߧӧܧ ֧ ѧߧӧ (ӧ٧ާاߧ, ݧӧߧ) ԧѧާާ;
· ާ ֧ܧ ӧݧا֧ߧߧ ӧ٧ӧ ߧܧڧ (֧է);
· ѧߧӧܧ ֧ ݧ֧ا֧ߧڧ ٧ ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧާ ԧѧާާ;
· ڧ٧ާ֧ߧ֧ߧڧ ֧֧ӧ֧ߧߧԧ է ӧڧݧڧ֧ݧߧԧ ֧ ԧѧާާ;
· ڧ٧ާ֧ߧڧ ڧݧߧ֧ާԧ ܧէ ԧѧާާ;
· ѧҧ ѧܧڧ֧ܧ ӧ ӧ֧ ѧѧߧ֧ߧߧ ߧڧӧ֧ѧݧߧ ߧ ӧ֧ ާѧڧߧߧ ѧڧ֧ܧѧ
· ܧ-ݧѧէܧ ԧѧާ
3. ѧܧڧ ߧӧߧ ֧اڧާ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ԧѧާާ ֧اڧާ ݧѧէܧ ٧ߧѧ֧? (TASM.EXE – ֧اڧ /zi – ӧܧݧ֧ߧڧ ڧާӧݧߧ ݧѧէߧ ڧߧާѧڧ ҧ֧ܧߧ ާէݧ.
- TLINK.EXE – ֧اڧ /v -ӧܧݧ֧ߧڧ ڧާӧݧߧ ݧѧէߧ ڧߧާѧڧ ڧݧߧڧާ ާէݧ.)
2. ѧ֧ ߧا֧ ܧާڧݧ ѧ֧ާҧݧ֧? ԧ ߧӧߧ ߧܧڧ. (ӧ֧֧ ѧӧڧݧߧ ߧѧڧѧߧڧ ԧѧާ (ڧէߧ ާէݧ֧) ާڧ֧ ҧ֧ܧߧ ާէݧ. ڧާ֧ - tasm.exe masm.exe., ѧҧ ѧҧݧڧѧާ, ڧߧѧܧڧ֧ܧڧ ѧߧѧݧڧ, ԧ֧ߧ֧ѧڧ ܧէ, ڧާڧ٧ѧڧ ܧէ, ԧ֧ߧ֧ѧڧ ҧ֧ܧߧԧ ܧէ)
ѧ ާاߧ ݧڧ ڧߧާѧڧ ֧اڧާѧ ѧҧ ܧާڧݧ (ѧѧާ֧ ܧާڧݧ) ܧާѧߧէߧ ܧ? ѧܧڧ ѧѧާ֧ ܧާڧݧ ѧߧӧݧ֧ߧ ާݧѧߧڧ? (C:\BORLANDC\TASM>tasm.exe /l /zi /c first.asmAssembling file: first.asm
Error messages: None
Warning messages: None
Passes: 1
Remaining memory: 414k)
4. ѧ֧ ߧا֧ ֧էѧܧ ӧ٧֧ (ܧާߧӧڧ) ? ԧ ߧӧߧ ߧܧڧ. (ҧ֧էڧߧ֧ ާߧا֧ӧ ҧ֧ܧߧ ާէݧ֧ ֧էڧߧ ԧѧާާ. ݧߧڧާ ާէݧ ާԧ ߧ֧֧էӧ֧ߧߧ ӧݧߧ ߧ ܧާ֧. ߧ ڧާ֧ ާѧ: *.EXE ڧݧ *.COM., ߧ֧ҧէڧ էݧ ҧ֧էڧߧ֧ߧڧ ާߧا֧ӧ ҧ֧ܧߧ ާէݧ֧ ֧էڧߧ ԧѧާާ (ڧݧߧڧާ ާէݧ). ֧էѧܧ ӧ٧֧ ߧѧѧڧӧѧ֧ ӧ٧ ާ֧اէ է֧ݧߧާ ާէݧާ, ܧ ާԧ ҧ էӧ ӧڧէ: ӧ٧ ѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ (ӧ٧ ߧܧڧ ֧է) ӧ٧ էѧߧߧ (ڧݧ٧ӧѧߧڧ էѧߧߧ ڧ էߧԧ ާէݧ էԧ). ڧާ֧: tlink.exe link.exe.)
5. ѧ ާاߧ ݧڧ ڧߧާѧڧ ֧اڧާѧ ѧҧ ֧էѧܧ ӧ٧֧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ܧ? ѧܧڧ ѧѧާ֧ ܧާߧӧڧܧ ѧߧӧݧ֧ߧ ާݧѧߧڧ? (C:\BORLANDC\TASM>tlink.exe /v /l /m first.obj¿
Turbo Link Version 5.1 Copyright (c) 1992 Borland International
Warning: No stack)
3. ߧاߧ է֧ݧѧ էݧ ٧էѧߧڧ ԧѧާާ ާѧ.COM - ڧݧߧڧާԧ ѧۧݧ ( ԧѧާާ ѧѧާ֧ѧ ܧާߧӧڧܧ)? ( ֧ߧڧ ԧѧާާ ӧڧէ *.com ڧݧߧڧާ ԧѧާާ ӧܧݧѧ֧ ݧ֧էڧ ڧ٧ާ֧ߧ֧ߧڧ: (1) ӧ ҧ֧էڧߧ֧ էڧ ֧ԧާ֧ߧ (SDSEG); (2) ߧѧѧݧ ԧѧާާ ٧ѧէѧ֧ ܧާѧߧէ ORG 100H (էݧ էѧݧߧ֧֧ۧԧ ѧ٧ާ֧֧ߧڧ PSP); (3) էѧߧߧ էݧاߧ ҧ ѧ٧ާ֧֧ߧ ܧߧ ԧѧާާ. ԧѧާާ ҧѧҧѧӧѧ֧ ܧާߧӧڧܧ TLINK ѧѧާ֧ - /t – ٧էѧߧڧ *.com – ԧѧާާ. ѧߧ֧֧ߧڧ ֧ԧާ֧ߧߧԧ ֧ԧڧ էѧߧߧ էݧاߧ ӧݧߧ ֧֧ ֧ ֧ԧڧ CS (PUSH/POP). ܧ ӧէ COM ԧѧާާ էݧاߧ ߧѧէڧ ѧ٧ ݧ էڧ֧ܧڧӧ ӧէ֧ݧ֧ߧڧ ҧݧѧ PSP (ORG 100H). ֧ߧڧ ԧѧާާ ӧڧէ *.com ڧݧߧڧާ ԧѧާާ ӧܧݧѧ֧ ݧ֧էڧ ڧ٧ާ֧ߧ֧ߧڧ: (1) ӧ ҧ֧էڧߧ֧ էڧ ֧ԧާ֧ߧ (SDSEG); (2) ߧѧѧݧ ԧѧާާ ٧ѧէѧ֧ ܧާѧߧէ ORG 100H (էݧ էѧݧߧ֧֧ۧԧ ѧ٧ާ֧֧ߧڧ PSP); (3) էѧߧߧ էݧاߧ ҧ ѧ٧ާ֧֧ߧ ܧߧ ԧѧާާ. ԧѧާާ ҧѧҧѧӧѧ֧ ܧާߧӧڧܧ TLINK ѧѧާ֧ - /t – ٧էѧߧڧ *.com – ԧѧާާ. ѧߧ֧֧ߧڧ ֧ԧާ֧ߧߧԧ ֧ԧڧ էѧߧߧ էݧاߧ ӧݧߧ ֧֧ ֧ ֧ԧڧ CS (PUSH/POP). ܧ ӧէ COM ԧѧާާ էݧاߧ ߧѧէڧ ѧ٧ ݧ էڧ֧ܧڧӧ ӧէ֧ݧ֧ߧڧ ҧݧѧ PSP (ORG 100H).)
6. ѧ ٧ѧէѧ ѧѧާ֧ ֧է ߧ ֧ާҧݧ֧ ܧѧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ֧է? (ӧ٧ӧѧ:ڧߧѧܧڧ ڧѧߧڧ ֧է:
ާ֧է PROC ٧ ѧߧڧ
; ֧ݧ ֧է
ާ֧է ENDP) ѧѧާ֧ ާاߧ ֧֧էѧӧѧ ާ էߧԧ ڧ ֧ ާ֧ѧߧڧ٧ާ:
· ٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ;
· ݧܧ;
· ӧ٧ӧѧѧ֧ާާ ٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ;
· ֧٧ݧѧ;
· ڧާ֧ߧ;
· ݧا֧ߧߧ ӧڧݧ֧ߧڧ֧.)
7. ѧܧ ֧? ѧܧڧ ܧާѧߧէ ѧҧ ֧ܧ ٧ߧѧ֧? (֧ܧ ߧѧ٧ӧѧ ҧݧѧ ԧѧާާ էݧ ӧ֧ާ֧ߧߧԧ ѧߧ֧ߧڧ ڧ٧ӧݧߧ էѧߧߧ, էҧѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ ݧ֧ާ֧ߧ ߧ ӧ֧ڧߧ ֧ܧ (PUSH);
· ڧ٧ӧݧ֧֧ߧڧ ݧ֧ާ֧ߧ ӧ֧ڧߧ ֧ܧ (POP), ާѧߧէ PUSHF ާ֧ѧ֧ ֧ է֧اڧާ ֧ԧڧ ݧѧԧ. ާѧߧէ PUSHA ާ֧ѧ֧ ֧ է֧اڧާ ӧ֧ ֧ԧڧ ҧ֧ԧ ߧѧ٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ ݧ֧է֧ էܧ: , , DX, , SP, BP, SI, DI (٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ DI ҧէ֧ ߧ ӧ֧ڧߧ ֧ܧ).)
4. ާاߧ ӧڧէ֧ ݧڧڧߧԧ ݧ֧ӧ ڧէߧԧ ֧ܧ ԧѧާާ (ڧ)?
- ѧܧ ݧѧէڧ ӧ ڧާ֧ߧݧ ѧҧ? ѧܧڧ ֧اڧާ ݧѧէܧ ٧ߧѧ֧? (TASM, TASM.EXE – ֧اڧ /zi – ӧܧݧ֧ߧڧ ڧާӧݧߧ ݧѧէߧ ڧߧާѧڧ ҧ֧ܧߧ ާէݧ.
- TLINK.EXE – ֧اڧ /v -ӧܧݧ֧ߧڧ ڧާӧݧߧ ݧѧէߧ ڧߧާѧڧ ڧݧߧڧާ ާէݧ.))
5. ѧ ާاߧ ݧڧ ڧߧާѧڧ ֧اڧާѧ ѧҧ ݧѧէڧܧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ܧ? (C:\BORLANDC\TASM>TD.EXE first.exe)
6. ѧܧڧ ڧ ٧ѧܧ ܧާڧݧ TASM ߧاߧ ٧ѧէѧ էݧ ݧ֧ߧڧ ݧڧڧߧԧ?(/Fl)
ѧܧڧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ ڧݧ٧֧ էݧ ӧӧէ ӧӧէ էߧԧ ڧާӧݧ? (ݧ ӧӧէ էߧԧ ڧާӧݧ ߧ ܧѧ ڧݧ٧֧
ߧܧڧ 02 ֧ӧѧߧڧ 21h)
ѧ ާݧ֧ ܧߧ֧ ڧէߧԧ ֧ܧ ԧѧާާ ܧѧ٧ӧѧ֧ ܧ ߧѧѧݧ ԧѧާާ ߧ ֧ާҧݧ֧? (End Start;ڧ֧ܧڧӧ ܧߧ ԧѧާާ/ܧ ӧէ. ֧ܧ,
;ѧݧا֧ߧߧ ݧ ܧ ҧէ֧ ڧԧߧڧӧѧ ѧ֧ާҧݧ֧.)
7. ѧܧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ ڧݧ٧֧ էݧ ܧ֧ܧߧԧ ٧ѧӧ֧֧ߧڧ ԧѧާާ? (ߧܧڧ֧ 4Ch ֧ӧѧߧڧ 21h)
8. ѧܧ ܧާѧߧէ ӧݧߧ֧ ӧ٧ ֧է? (call ާ֧է @num — ӧ٧ ֧է (էԧѧާާ))
ڧէڧ ֧ԧڧѧާ IP, SS ֧ܧ ܧܧ (NEAR) ӧ٧ӧ ֧է? ѧ ާاߧ էӧ֧էڧ ݧѧէڧܧ. (֧է NEAR ӧ٧ӧѧ ާ ӧ٧ӧ ҧݧڧاߧ֧ԧ ڧ է֧اѧ ҧݧڧاߧڧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ. էݧاߧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ڧ ݧܧ ا ֧ԧާ֧ߧ, ܧ ߧ ֧է֧ݧ֧ߧ. ٧ ҧݧڧاߧ֧ԧ ڧ ٧ѧߧڧ ѧէ֧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ֧ ѧߧѧӧݧڧӧѧ֧ ܧѧ٧ѧ֧ݧ ڧߧ- (IP) ٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ ާ֧֧ߧڧ ֧է. ܧݧܧ ֧ԧާ֧ߧ ܧէ (CS) ߧ ڧ٧ާ֧ߧ֧, ֧է էݧاߧ ߧѧէڧ ا ֧ԧާ֧- , ӧ٧ӧѧѧ ԧѧާާ. ԧէ ֧ ҧߧѧاڧӧѧ֧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ҧݧڧاߧ֧ԧ ڧ, ڧ٧ӧݧ֧ܧѧ֧ ڧ ֧ܧ ѧէ֧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ߧӧ ѧߧѧӧݧڧӧѧ֧ ߧ֧ԧ IP. ֧ԧާ֧ߧ ܧէ ߧ ڧ٧ާ֧ߧ֧.) ާѧߧէ Near Code ԧ ާ֧ߧ ڧߧ֧֧ڧ֧ ݧӧ ܧ ҧݧѧ էѧߧߧ, ܧѧ ާ֧֧ߧڧ ֧ܧ֧ ֧ԧާ֧ߧ ܧէ (ܧѧ ٧ѧէѧ֧ ֧ԧڧ CS). ҧݧѧ ܧէ ѧߧӧڧ ֧ܧ֧ ҧݧѧ ٧ڧڧߧڧ֧ ߧ էѧߧߧ ѧէ֧.)9. ڧէڧ ֧ԧڧѧާ IP, SS ֧ܧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ܧާѧߧէ RET էݧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ڧ ֧է. ѧ ާاߧ էӧ֧էڧ ݧѧէڧܧ.(ݧڧ٧ܧڧ ӧ٧ӧѧ — ӧ٧ӧѧ ѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ ӧ٧ӧѧ֧ ֧է ֧է֧ݧѧ ֧ܧ֧ԧ ֧ԧާ֧ߧ ܧէ (ӧߧڧ֧ԧާ֧ߧߧ ӧ٧ӧѧ). ڧ ӧ֧ڧߧ ֧ܧ ӧѧݧܧڧӧѧ֧ ٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ ֧ԧڧ EIP/IP. ֧ԧڧ CS ߧ ڧ٧ާ֧ߧ֧. ֧ էݧاѧ֧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ܧէ ا ֧ԧާ֧ߧ, ߧ էԧާ ާ֧֧ߧڧ.
· ѧݧߧڧ ӧ٧ӧѧ — ӧ٧ӧѧ ѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ ӧ٧ӧѧ֧ ֧է, ѧݧا֧ߧߧ ݧڧߧ ֧ܧ֧ԧ ֧ԧާ֧ߧ ܧէ (ާ֧ا֧ԧާ֧ߧߧ ӧ٧ӧѧ). ڧ ӧ֧ڧߧ ֧ܧ ݧ֧էӧѧ֧ݧߧ ӧѧݧܧڧӧѧ ٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ ֧ԧڧ EIP/IP CS. ֧ էݧاѧ֧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ܧէ
էԧ ֧ԧާ֧ߧ.
· ѧݧߧڧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ާ֧اէ ӧߧާ ڧӧڧݧ֧ԧڧ — էѧݧߧڧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ ܧէ ߧ ӧߧ ڧӧڧݧ֧ԧڧ, ݧڧߧ ֧ܧ֧ԧ. ӧڧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ާا֧ ҧ ӧݧߧ֧ ݧܧ ٧ѧڧ֧ߧߧ ֧اڧާ. ԧ ާ֧ѧߧڧ٧ էҧ֧ ާ֧ѧߧڧ٧ާ էѧݧߧ֧ԧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ٧ ڧܧݧ֧ߧڧ֧ ԧ, ֧ ݧ֧էڧ ٧ ӧߧާ ڧӧڧݧ֧ԧڧ ѧӧѧާ է ֧ԧާ֧ߧѧ ܧէ ֧ܧ, ܧ ӧ٧ӧѧѧ֧ ѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ էݧ ֧է֧ݧ֧ߧڧ ӧ٧ާاߧ էҧߧ ֧֧էѧ. ާѧߧէ RET ڧѧ֧ ֧ԧڧ DS, ES, FS GS, ֧ݧ ߧ ݧѧ ߧ ӧ֧ӧڧ ֧ԧާ֧ߧ, ߧ֧էߧ ߧ ߧӧ ӧߧ ڧӧڧݧ֧ԧڧ. ѧ ܧѧ ާ֧اӧߧ֧ӧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ ڧ٧ӧէڧ ֧֧ܧݧ֧ߧڧ ֧ܧ, ܧާѧߧէ RET ѧܧا ڧ٧ӧէڧ ٧ѧԧ٧ܧ ڧ ֧ԧڧ ڧ ֧ܧ.)
9. ѧܧڧ ӧ٧ާاߧ ֧ѧڧ ֧ ݧѧէڧܧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ԧѧާ?
ѧ ֧ާҧݧ֧ ާݧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ֧է? (ӧ٧ӧѧ:ڧߧѧܧڧ ڧѧߧڧ ֧է:
ާ֧է PROC ٧ ѧߧڧ
; ֧ݧ ֧է
ާ֧է ENDP))
10. ѧܧڧ ܧէ ڧݧ٧ էݧ ֧֧ӧէ ܧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ܧѧ֧ܧ ߧ էڧݧ֧? (0Dh – ӧ٧ӧѧ ܧѧ֧ܧ, 0Ah – ֧֧ӧ ܧ )
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1. ѧܧڧ ѧ٧ߧӧڧէߧ ܧާѧߧէ XLAT ٧ߧѧ֧, ֧ ߧ ݧڧѧ? (ާ֧ѧ֧ AL ҧѧۧ ڧ ѧҧݧڧ ѧާ ѧէ֧ ES:BX (ڧݧ ES:EBX) ާ֧֧ߧڧ֧ ߧڧ֧ݧߧ ߧѧѧݧ ѧҧݧڧ, ѧӧߧ AL. ܧѧ֧ӧ ѧԧާ֧ߧ էݧ XLAT ѧ֧ާҧݧ֧ ާاߧ ܧѧ٧ѧ ڧާ ѧҧݧڧ, ߧ ڧߧާѧڧ ߧڧܧѧ ߧ ڧݧ٧֧ ֧ ݧاڧ ݧܧ ܧѧ ܧާާ֧ߧѧڧ. ݧ ܧާާ֧ߧѧڧ ߧ ߧا֧, ާاߧ ڧާ֧ߧڧ ާ ٧ѧڧ XLATB.)
2. ѧ ӧݧߧ֧ ֧֧ܧէڧӧܧ ާ XLAT? ߧڧ ߧ ڧާ֧.(mov al,0Ch mov bx, offset htable xlatb֧ݧ ֧ԧާ֧ߧ էѧߧߧ, ߧ ܧ ܧѧ٧ӧѧ֧ ֧ԧڧ ES, ҧݧ ٧ѧڧѧo
htable db "0123456789ABCDEF"
֧֧ AL է֧اڧ ߧ ڧݧ 0h, ASCII-ܧ ҧܧӧ «»)
3. ѧܧӧ ާѧܧڧާѧݧߧѧ էݧڧߧߧ ѧҧݧڧ ֧֧ܧէڧӧܧ ܧާѧߧէ XLAT? (256 ҧѧۧ)
4. ѧܧ ASCII ܧէ? (ASCII (ѧߧԧ. A merican s tandard c ode for i nformation i nterchange, [ˈæs.ki][1]) — ߧѧ٧ӧѧߧڧ ѧҧݧڧ (ܧէڧӧܧ, ߧѧҧ), ܧ ߧ֧ܧ ѧѧߧקߧߧ ֧ѧߧ ߧ֧֧ѧߧ ڧާӧݧѧ ѧӧݧ֧ߧ ڧݧӧ ܧէ,
4. ѧܧ ANSY ܧէ? (7-ҧڧߧѧ ܧէڧӧܧ ASCII;)
5. ѧܧ UNICOD ܧ? (է ѧߧէѧ ߧڧܧ ѧ٧է֧ݧ֧ߧ ߧ ߧ֧ܧݧܧ ҧݧѧ֧. ҧݧѧ ܧէѧާ U+0000 է U+007F է֧اڧ ڧާӧݧ ߧѧҧ ASCII ӧ֧ӧڧާ ܧէѧާ. ѧݧ֧ ѧݧا֧ߧ ҧݧѧ ٧ߧѧܧ ѧ٧ݧڧߧ ڧާ֧ߧߧ֧, ٧ߧѧܧ ߧܧѧڧ ֧ߧڧ֧ܧڧ ڧާӧݧ. ѧ ܧէ ٧ѧ֧٧֧ӧڧӧѧߧ էݧ ڧݧ٧ӧѧߧڧ ҧէ֧. ڧާ֧ߧߧ ѧߧէѧ, ߧ ܧէڧӧܧ — ѧ ֧ҧ ߧڧܧ ߧ ֧է֧ݧ֧, ܧѧ ڧާӧݧ ҧէ ѧߧ ߧ ا֧ܧ էڧܧ ڧݧ ֧֧էѧӧѧ ֧. ݧڧ ֧է֧ݧ֧ ӧ٧ ާ֧اէ ڧާӧݧ ߧ֧ܧ ڧݧ, ާѧ, ԧݧѧߧ ܧ ڧݧ ҧէ ֧ӧѧѧ ҧѧۧ, ֧է֧ݧ֧ ߧڧܧ-ܧէڧӧܧѧާ)
6. ѧܧ Scan ܧէ? ( IBM-ӧާ֧ڧާ ܧާ֧ѧ ܧ, ڧӧ֧ߧߧ ܧѧاէ ܧݧѧӧڧ, ާ ܧԧ էѧۧӧ֧ ܧݧѧӧڧѧ ѧ٧ߧѧ֧, ܧѧܧѧ ܧݧѧӧڧ ҧݧ ߧѧاѧ. ߧѧاѧڧ ݧҧ ܧݧѧӧڧ ܧߧݧݧ֧ ܧݧѧӧڧѧ ѧ٧ߧѧק ܧݧѧӧڧ ݧѧ֧ ֧ ܧѧ-ܧ 60h. ܧѧߧڧ ܧݧѧӧڧ ܧߧݧݧ֧ ܧݧѧӧڧѧ ѧ֧ӧ֧ԧ ާѧ IBM PC/XT ݧѧ֧ ا ܧѧ-ܧ, ӧ֧ݧڧ֧ߧߧ ߧ 80h, ҧݧ֧ ߧӧԧ ާѧ IBM PC/AT — էӧ ҧѧۧ: F0h ܧѧ-ܧ (ܧѧ-ܧէ ܧݧѧӧڧѧ AT ѧܧا ݧڧѧ XT, . ѧҧݧڧ). ֧ܧ ܧݧѧӧڧ ԧ֧ߧ֧ڧ ߧ էڧ, ߧ֧ܧݧܧ ܧѧ-ܧէ, ܧѧ-ܧէ اקܧ ڧӧ٧ѧߧ ܧѧاէ ܧݧѧӧڧ ߧ ѧѧѧߧ ӧߧ ߧ ٧ѧӧڧ ߧ ߧڧ ڧߧէڧܧѧ)
7. ѧܧ extended key ܧէ?
ѧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ӧѧ اڧէѧߧڧ ӧӧէ ڧާӧݧ ֧ާҧݧ֧? (ߧܧڧ 7 8 ֧ӧѧߧڧ 21H اڧէѧ ӧӧէ ڧާӧݧ, ֧ݧ ҧ֧ ܧݧѧӧڧѧ ; ӧݧ֧ߧڧ ڧާӧݧ ߧ ܧѧߧ ߧ ҧѧاѧ֧.
ѧ٧ߧڧ ާ֧اէ ڧާ ߧܧڧާ , ߧܧڧ 8 ѧ٧ߧѧק ֧ڧѧݧߧ ֧ѧߧڧ ܧݧѧӧڧ "Ctrl+Break", ߧܧڧ 7ڧԧߧڧ֧ ֧ѧߧڧ ܧݧѧӧڧ.)
7. ѧܧ ֧ էݧ ֧ԧ ߧا֧? (֧ܧ ߧѧ٧ӧѧ ҧݧѧ ԧѧާާ էݧ ӧ֧ާ֧ߧߧԧ ѧߧ֧ߧڧ ڧ٧ӧݧߧ էѧߧߧ, էҧѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ ݧ֧ާ֧ߧ ߧ ӧ֧ڧߧ ֧ܧ (PUSH);
· ڧ٧ӧݧ֧֧ߧڧ ݧ֧ާ֧ߧ ӧ֧ڧߧ ֧ܧ (POP), ާѧߧէ PUSHF ާ֧ѧ֧ ֧ է֧اڧާ ֧ԧڧ ݧѧԧ. ާѧߧէ PUSHA ާ֧ѧ֧ ֧ է֧اڧާ ӧ֧ ֧ԧڧ ҧ֧ԧ ߧѧ٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ ݧ֧է֧ էܧ: , , DX, , SP, BP, SI, DI (٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ DI ҧէ֧ ߧ ӧ֧ڧߧ ֧ܧ).))
8. ܧѧܧڧ ܧާѧߧէѧ ֧ާҧݧ֧ ӧߧ ڧݧ٧֧ ֧? (push, pop)
9. ѧ ٧ѧէѧ֧ ڧݧ ӧ֧ߧڧ ӧ֧֧ ܧߧ֧ ڧܧݧ ܧާѧߧէ LOOP?(ݧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ѧڧ ڧܧݧ ֧էߧѧ٧ߧѧ֧ߧ ܧާѧߧէ LOOP. ܧާѧߧէ էڧ ֧ѧߧ — ڧާ ާ֧ܧ, ߧ ܧ ֧ӧݧ֧ ֧֧. ܧѧ֧ӧ קڧܧ ڧܧݧ ڧݧ٧֧ ֧ԧڧ CX. ާѧߧէ LOOP ӧݧߧ֧ է֧ܧ֧ާ֧ߧ CX, ٧ѧ֧ ӧ֧֧ ֧ԧ ٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ. ݧ է֧اڧާ CX ߧ ѧӧߧ ߧݧ, ֧ӧݧ֧ ֧֧ ߧ ާ֧ܧ, ڧߧѧ ѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ ֧֧էڧ ݧ֧է֧ ݧ LOOP ܧާѧߧէ.)
10. اߧ ݧ ֧ӧѧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ڧܧݧ է ֧ԧ ٧ѧӧ֧֧ߧڧ ֧ڧܧ? (ӧܧݧڧ ֧ݧ ڧܧݧ ߧܧڧ 0Bh ֧ӧѧߧڧ Int 21h.)
11. ѧܧڧ ֧ ԧѧߧڧ֧ߧڧ ڧݧ٧ӧѧߧڧ ܧާѧߧէ LOOP? է֧ݧѧ ڧ ӧ٧ߧڧܧߧӧ֧ߧڧ? (է֧اڧާ CX ڧߧ֧֧ڧ֧ ܧާѧߧէ ܧѧ ڧݧ ҧ֧ ٧ߧѧܧ. CX ߧاߧ ާ֧ѧ ڧݧ, ѧӧߧ ֧ҧ֧ާާ ܧݧڧ֧ӧ ӧ֧ߧڧ ڧܧݧ. ߧߧ, ާѧܧڧާѧݧߧ ާا֧ ҧ 65535 ӧ֧ߧڧ. էߧ ԧѧߧڧ֧ߧڧ ӧ٧ѧߧ էѧݧߧ ֧֧է. ֧ܧ էݧاߧ ߧѧէڧ էڧѧѧ٧ߧ -127+128 ҧѧۧ ܧާѧߧէ LOOP (֧ݧ ߧ ѧ, FASM ҧڧ ڧҧܧ).)
12. ߧڧ ѧҧ ܧާѧߧէ LOOP?
13. ѧܧڧ ܧݧ tasm.exe tlink.exe ߧاߧ ٧ѧէѧ, ҧ td.exe ӧڧէ֧ ڧէߧ ֧ܧ ԧѧާާ ߧ ֧ާҧݧ֧ ߧ֧ާ ӧݧߧڧ ݧѧէߧ ѧڧӧܧ.
14. ѧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ӧѧ ԧѧާާ էӧۧߧ ڧܧ (ӧݧا֧ߧߧ) ߧ ٧ܧ ֧ާҧݧ֧? (ߧԧէ ֧ҧ֧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ӧѧ ӧݧا֧ߧߧ ڧܧ, ֧ ڧܧ ӧߧ էԧԧ ڧܧݧ. ݧѧ ߧ֧ҧէڧާ ѧߧڧ ٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ CX ֧֧ ߧѧѧݧ ӧݧا֧ߧߧԧ ڧܧݧ ӧѧߧӧڧ ݧ ֧ԧ ٧ѧӧ֧֧ߧڧ (֧֧ ܧާѧߧէ LOOP ӧߧ֧ߧ֧ԧ ڧܧݧ). ѧߧڧ ٧ߧѧ֧ߧڧ ާاߧ էԧ ֧ԧڧ, ӧ ӧ֧ާ֧ߧߧ ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧ ڧݧ ֧. ݧ֧էѧ ԧѧާާ ӧӧէڧ ӧ էߧ ASCII-ڧާӧݧ ӧڧէ ѧҧݧڧ 1616. ߧѧ֧ߧڧ קڧܧ ӧߧ֧ߧ֧ԧ ڧܧݧ ѧߧ֧ ֧ԧڧ BX.)
15. ѧ ާاߧ ӧݧߧڧ ֧֧ܧէڧӧܧ ڧ Windows? (ԧѧާާ ֧֧ܧէڧӧܧ DOS-WINDOWS - trans.exe (֧֧ܧէڧӧڧ ֧ܧ).)
1
11. ѧܧڧ ѧ٧ߧӧڧէߧ ѧӧߧڧܧ ӧ ٧ߧѧ֧?
12. ѧܧѧاڧ ܧާѧߧէ , ܧѧ ٧ѧէѧߧ ӧѧ֧ ӧѧڧѧߧ.
13. ѧܧѧاڧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ, ܧ ٧ѧէѧߧ ӧѧ֧ ӧѧڧѧߧ.
14. ѧܧѧاڧ ѧӧݧڧ ҧݧ, ܧ ٧ѧէѧ ӧѧ֧ ӧѧڧѧߧ.
15. ѧ ѧ֧ѧѧ (ڧݧ ֧֧ߧ֧ ֧ ) ֧٧ݧѧ ڧܧ ѧӧߧڧܧ?
16. ѧ ާاߧ ڧݧ٧ӧѧ ܧߧܧ֧ߧ ѧӧߧڧ?
17. ݧ ֧ԧ ߧاߧ ܧާѧߧէ ?
18. ܧѧܧڧ ֧اڧާѧ ާاߧ ӧݧ٧ӧѧ ܧާѧߧէѧާ ڧݧڧѧާ ?
19. ݧ ֧ԧ ߧاߧ ѧӧݧڧ ҧݧܧ ?
20. ѧܧڧ ߧӧߧ ܧݧѧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ ٧ߧѧ֧?
21. ѧ ֧֧ӧ֧ ߧާ֧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ (33 - 25)10 (??h -??h)16?
22. ѧ ݧڧ ҧ֧ ԧݧѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ ѧӧߧڧܧ?
23. ѧ ֧է֧ݧڧ ڧݧ٧֧ ݧ էѧߧߧѧ ܧާѧߧէ ܧߧܧ֧ߧ ӧ֧ڧ ֧ѧڧߧߧ ڧ֧ާ?
24. ѧܧ ڧߧާѧڧ ڧ֧ާߧ ԧѧާާڧ ާا֧ ߧѧۧ ѧӧߧڧܧ ?
25. ѧܧڧ ֧اڧާ ѧҧ ѧӧߧڧܧ ާا֧ ߧѧ٧ӧѧ?
26. ѧ ӧݧߧڧ ڧ ڧߧާѧڧ ѧӧߧڧܧ ѧҧ֧ԧ ݧ WINDOWS?
27. ѧ ߧѧۧ ڧѧߧڧ ާѧڧߧߧ ܧާѧߧէ (ܧާѧߧէ ֧ާҧݧ֧) ѧӧߧڧܧ?
28. ѧܧڧ ҧ ߧڧ ڧߧާѧڧ ѧӧߧڧܧ ٧ߧѧ֧?
29. ѧ ѧܧڧӧڧ٧ڧ ҧѧҧڧܧ ѧѧѧߧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ?
30. ѧ ѧܧڧӧڧ٧ڧ ҧѧҧڧܧ ԧѧާާߧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ?
31. ѧ ӧܧݧڧ ֧էާ֧ߧ ѧݧѧӧڧߧ ܧѧ٧ѧ֧ݧ ѧӧߧڧܧ?
32. ѧ ӧݧߧڧ ڧ ݧ֧ܧߧߧ ѧӧߧڧܧ էݧ WINDOWS?
33. ѧܧӧ ֧ݧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ?
34. ѧܧӧ ҧ֧ է֧اѧߧڧ ?
2
18. ѧܧ ٧ߧѧ ֧ѧڧ ߧ֧ߧڧ ߧ֧ҧէڧާ ѧӧڧ ܧާѧߧէ IF ާ֧اէ ܧݧ֧ӧ ݧӧ ERRORLEVEL ڧݧ ӧާ֧ ҧ֧ݧ?
19. ֧ާ ڧݧ٧ӧѧߧڧ ֧֧ܧݧѧ֧ݧ ܧާѧߧէѧާ IF GOTO է ӧ֧ܧ ڧ֧ էݧا֧ ҧ ҧѧߧ, ڧݧ٧ӧѧߧڧ IF SET ާ?
20. ֧֧ڧݧڧ ߧӧߧ էڧ֧ܧڧӧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧ ().
21. ѧܧڧ ܧާѧߧէ ٧ܧ ڧѧߧڧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧ ӧ ٧ߧѧ֧?
22. اߧ ݧ ߧ էߧ ܧ ܧާѧߧէߧԧ ѧۧݧ ѧݧاڧ էӧ ڧݧ ҧݧ֧ ާ֧ܧ, էӧ ڧݧ ҧݧ֧ ܧާѧߧէ?
23. ѧ ݧڧ ҧ ѧӧܧ էݧ ڧݧڧ BE ѧӧܧ ֧ է֧ݧߧ ܧާѧߧէѧ?
24. ѧ ӧӧ֧ ܧ ާ ܧާѧߧէ ECHO?
25. ѧܧڧ ҧѧ٧ ߧاߧ ߧѧڧ ܧ ܧէڧӧܧ ڧާӧݧ էݧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ԧѧާާ ܧާѧߧէߧ ܧ (ܧާާ֧ߧѧڧ ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧ)?
26. ѧܧڧ ӧѧڧѧߧ ѧӧݧ֧ߧڧ ߧܧѧާ ާ֧ߧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧѧ ( ܧݧѧӧڧѧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ѧڧ ѧҧ ֧֧ܧݧѧ֧ݧ) ٧ߧѧ֧?
27. ѧܧ ? ݧ ֧ԧ ߧ ڧݧ٧֧?
28. ܧѧܧ ݧ֧էӧѧ֧ݧߧ ߧاߧ ӧݧߧ ӧ֧ܧ IF էݧ GOTO?
29. ܧѧܧ ݧ֧էӧѧ֧ݧߧ ߧاߧ ӧݧߧ ӧ֧ܧ IF էݧ SET?
30. ѧܧԧ ڧ ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧ ާاߧ ڧݧ٧ӧѧ ԧѧާާڧӧѧߧڧ ?
31. ѧ ҧ٧ߧѧѧ֧ ާ֧ܧ ֧֧ ߧ ߧ֧? ߧڧ ߧ ڧާ֧.
32. ѧ ާاߧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ӧѧ ڧܧ ԧѧާާ ߧ ٧ܧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧ?
33. ѧ ާاߧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ӧѧ ֧֧ܧݧѧ֧ݧ ԧѧާާ ߧ ٧ܧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧ?
34. ѧܧڧ ާѧݧڧ٧ӧѧߧߧ ٧ܧ էݧ ڧѧߧڧ ڧߧܧڧ ӧ ٧ߧѧ֧?
35. ѧܧ ֧ާڧߧѧݧߧ ߧ֧֧ާڧߧѧݧߧ ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧ ?
36. ѧ ާاߧ ٧ѧڧѧ ڧߧѧܧڧ֧ܧ ѧӧڧݧ ڧѧߧڧ ٧ܧ ()?
37. ѧܧԧ ڧ ֧֧ާ֧ߧߧ ާاߧ ڧݧ٧ӧѧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ѧۧݧѧ?
38. ѧܧ ѧѧާ֧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ܧ?
39. ѧ ާاߧ ٧ѧէѧ ݧڧ ԧѧާާ ѧѧާ֧?
40. ѧܧӧ ֧ݧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ?
41. ѧܧӧ ҧ֧ է֧اѧߧڧ ?
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11. ѧܧڧ է֧ۧӧڧ ӧݧߧ֧ ܧާѧߧէ LOOP?
12. ѧܧڧ ߧӧߧ ߧܧڧ ӧݧߧ֧ ݧѧէڧ ԧѧާާڧӧѧߧڧ ߧ ֧ާҧݧ֧?
13. ѧܧڧ ߧӧߧ ֧اڧާ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ԧѧާާ ֧اڧާ ݧѧէܧ ٧ߧѧ֧?
14. ѧ֧ ߧا֧ ܧާڧݧ ѧ֧ާҧݧ֧? ԧ ߧӧߧ ߧܧڧ.
15. ѧ ާاߧ ݧڧ ڧߧާѧڧ ֧اڧާѧ ѧҧ ܧާڧݧ (ѧѧާ֧ ܧާڧݧ) ܧާѧߧէߧ ܧ? ѧܧڧ ѧѧާ֧ ܧާڧݧ ѧߧӧݧ֧ߧ -ާݧѧߧڧ?
16. ѧ֧ ߧا֧ ֧էѧܧ ӧ٧֧ (ܧާߧӧڧ) ? ԧ ߧӧߧ ߧܧڧ.
17. ѧ ާاߧ ݧڧ ڧߧާѧڧ ֧اڧާѧ ѧҧ ֧էѧܧ ӧ٧֧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ܧ? ѧܧڧ ѧѧާ֧ ܧާߧӧڧܧ ѧߧӧݧ֧ߧ -ާݧѧߧڧ?
18. ߧاߧ է֧ݧѧ էݧ ٧էѧߧڧ ԧѧާާ ާѧ.COM - ڧݧߧڧާԧ ѧۧݧ ( ԧѧާާ ѧѧާ֧ѧ ܧާߧӧڧܧ)?
19. ѧ ٧ѧէѧ ѧѧާ֧ ֧է ߧ ֧ާҧݧ֧ ܧѧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ֧է?
20. ѧܧ ֧? ѧܧڧ ܧާѧߧէ ѧҧ ֧ܧ ٧ߧѧ֧?
21. ާاߧ ӧڧէ֧ ݧڧڧߧԧ ݧ֧ӧ ڧէߧԧ ֧ܧ ԧѧާާ (ڧ)?
22. ѧܧ ݧѧէڧ ӧ ڧާ֧ߧݧ ѧҧ? ѧܧڧ ֧اڧާ ݧѧէܧ ٧ߧѧ֧?
23. ѧ ާاߧ ݧڧ ڧߧާѧڧ ֧اڧާѧ ѧҧ ݧѧէڧܧ ܧާѧߧէߧ ܧ?
24. ѧܧڧ ڧ ٧ѧܧ ܧާڧݧ TASM ߧاߧ ٧ѧէѧ էݧ ݧ֧ߧڧ ݧڧڧߧԧ?
25. ѧܧڧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ ڧݧ٧֧ էݧ ӧӧէ ӧӧէ էߧԧ ڧާӧݧ?
26. ѧ ާݧ֧ ܧߧ֧ ڧէߧԧ ֧ܧ ԧѧާާ ܧѧ٧ӧѧ֧ ܧ ߧѧѧݧ ԧѧާާ ߧ ֧ާҧݧ֧?
27. ѧܧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ ڧݧ٧֧ էݧ ܧ֧ܧߧԧ ٧ѧӧ֧֧ߧڧ ԧѧާާ?
28. ѧܧ ܧާѧߧէ ӧݧߧ֧ ӧ٧ ֧է?
29. ڧէڧ ֧ԧڧѧާ IP, SS ֧ܧ ܧܧ (NEAR) ӧ٧ӧ ֧է? ѧ ާاߧ էӧ֧էڧ ݧѧէڧܧ.
30. ڧէڧ ֧ԧڧѧާ IP, SS ֧ܧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ܧާѧߧէ RET էݧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ڧ ֧է. ѧ ާاߧ էӧ֧էڧ ݧѧէڧܧ.
31. ѧܧڧ ӧ٧ާاߧ ֧ѧڧ ֧ ݧѧէڧܧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ԧѧާ?
32. ѧ ֧ާҧݧ֧ ާݧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ֧է?
33. ѧ ֧է ާاߧ ֧֧էѧ ѧѧާ֧ ӧ٧ӧѧڧ ֧٧ݧѧ ڧ ߧ֧?
34. ѧܧڧ ܧէ ڧݧ٧ էݧ ֧֧ӧէ ܧ ӧ٧ӧѧ ܧѧ֧ܧ ߧ էڧݧ֧?
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16. ѧܧڧ ѧ٧ߧӧڧէߧ ܧާѧߧէ XLAT ٧ߧѧ֧, ֧ ߧ ݧڧѧ?
17. ѧ ӧݧߧ֧ ֧֧ܧէڧӧܧ ާ XLAT? ߧڧ ߧ ڧާ֧.
18. ѧܧӧ ާѧܧڧާѧݧߧѧ էݧڧߧߧ ѧҧݧڧ ֧֧ܧէڧӧܧ ܧާѧߧէ XLAT?
19. ѧܧ ASCII ܧէ?
20. ѧܧ ANSY ܧէ?
21. ѧܧ UNICOD ܧ?
22. ѧܧ Scan ܧէ?
23. ѧܧ extended key ܧէ?
24. ѧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ӧѧ اڧէѧߧڧ ӧӧէ ڧާӧݧ ֧ާҧݧ֧?
25. ѧܧ ֧ էݧ ֧ԧ ߧا֧?
26. ܧѧܧڧ ܧާѧߧէѧ ֧ާҧݧ֧ ӧߧ ڧݧ٧֧ ֧?
27. ܧѧܧڧ ܧާѧߧէѧ ֧ާҧݧ֧ ߧ֧ӧߧ ڧݧ٧֧ ֧?
28. ѧ ٧ѧէѧ֧ ڧݧ ӧ֧ߧڧ ӧ֧֧ ܧߧ֧ ڧܧݧ ܧާѧߧէ LOOP?
29. اߧ ݧ ֧ӧѧ ӧݧߧ֧ߧڧ ڧܧݧ է ֧ԧ ٧ѧӧ֧֧ߧڧ ֧ڧܧ?
30. ѧܧڧ ֧ ԧѧߧڧ֧ߧڧ ڧݧ٧ӧѧߧڧ ܧާѧߧէ LOOP? է֧ݧѧ ڧ ӧ٧ߧڧܧߧӧ֧ߧڧ?
31. ߧڧ ѧҧ ܧާѧߧէ LOOP?
32. ѧܧڧ ܧݧ tasm.exe tlink.exe ߧاߧ ٧ѧէѧ, ҧ td.exe ӧڧէ֧ ڧէߧ ֧ܧ ԧѧާާ ߧ ֧ާҧݧ֧ ߧ֧ާ ӧݧߧڧ ݧѧէߧ ѧڧӧܧ.
33. ѧܧڧ ߧӧߧ ܧߧ ߧاߧ ܧ ݧѧէڧܧ էݧ ܧѧ֧ӧ֧ߧߧ ݧѧէܧ?
34. ѧܧڧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ ڧݧ٧֧ էݧ ӧӧէ ӧӧէ էߧԧ ڧާӧݧ?
35. ѧܧ ֧ӧѧߧڧ ڧݧ٧֧ էݧ ܧ֧ܧߧԧ ٧ѧӧ֧֧ߧڧ ԧѧާާ?
36. ѧ ԧѧߧڧ٧ӧѧ ԧѧާާ էӧۧߧ ڧܧ (ӧݧا֧ߧߧ) ߧ ٧ܧ ֧ާҧݧ֧?
37. ѧ ާاߧ ӧݧߧڧ ֧֧ܧէڧӧܧ ڧ Windows?
38. ѧܧڧ ߧܧڧ ӧݧߧ֧ ڧڧܧѧ RKM?
39. ѧ֧ ߧا֧ ֧էѧܧ ӧ٧֧ ?