.
: - , , , , , (), .
:
- ( );
- () ( );
- ( ).
:
- , , . , . , (1991 - 2000 .) - . .1.- 4.9% 4.5% .
- , (, ) (, ) ;
- ( ), ;
- (, ) , ;
- (), , .
(. .1).
1. ( ) | 2. () ( ) | 3. ( ) | |
+ | + | + | |
+ | + | + | |
+ | |||
, | + | ||
() | + | + | + |
:
- ?
- () ?
- ?
1 - () . "" . , , , , .
|
|
- ( );
- (, , ..), ;
- (, ) ..
1 ( ).
+
+
|
+
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
.1. . - .
Virtuous cycle . [10] I, II, III, . (. 8)
, (), , . , , . (I), . : , , , , , , , . , .
"" , . : ) , - ( , , ..); ) , ; ) , + 1, "+", 1, "", , , , ; ) , , x . .
v1 | v2 | v3 | v4 | v5 | v6 | v7 | v8 | |||
v1 | 0.73 | 0.70 | -0.20 | |||||||
v2 | -0.14 | 0.20 | -0.50 | -0.33 | ||||||
v3 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.7 | ||||||
v4 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.30 | |||||||
v5 | 0.61 | 0.15 | 0.60 | |||||||
v6 | 0.49 | 0.40 | -0.50 | |||||||
v7 | 0.63 | 0.70 | 0.50 | |||||||
v8 | 1.15 | 0.80 | 0.50 |
- ,
|
|
" ", .1 2- , 3- - . , , , "", .. " ".
. . - (), , , . (), . .
.2. - ([11]), .
.2.
: - , F - , ї ; - ; Q- ; - ; R - . .
, (U}, {Q) , . . - - ,
;
) / ;
6} ;
) , [2] ;
) ;
) . .
3, 4 5- .
.2 [II] ,* . " " (Q, " "' (Q), "", . : , . , , , (F) (, ..). F G. ? ( ) . , , , , ( ) .
|
|
, x , : , . , , . , , .. , , .
: ( ), , , , - . .
.2 , : , , , .
, . -, .
4, +1, - 1, 0, : +1, - 1, 0.
, .2., 3-5.
1. . .2. c C : F, U, R. , , , .
2. - . - . F 3. 3 4 - ( ) ( ). -U-C-R-U-C-F-G-E.
-U-C-F-G-E 5. 5 1 7 6, 3 3 2. 4 (. ) .
5 , - , .. 1. . , 1.
6 .
.2. -U-Q-E , -U-C-F-G-E . -U-Q, -U-C-F-G. , - - F, ( - , G ; - ; U - ) , , . , 1- , Q, E, U, . R. U, , R -, , , . 2 - R, U, R.
|
|
1. , , j, , 1 , n - . . .. .
2. j t Uj (t).
Uj .
7. Uj (t) j :
P j (t)= U j (t)- U j (t- 1). (1)
. , . :
1. t, t = 0, 1, 2,....
2. j- j (t) / , .. t + 1. .
3. j (t) j - , , .
4. . , i- , , .. :
Pi(t)= å Zji* P j (t-1), (2)
J Î Gi,
zji - j, i; j (t - 1) - j- t 1; Gi- j, i, .. , i- ;
Ui(t) = Ui (t-1) + å J Î Gi Zji *Pj(t-1) (3)
, .3.3. : U=>1, R:=>2, C=>3, F=>4, G=>5, E = > 6, Q = > 7, . Uj = Uj, j =1,2,..., Uj - - .
I. - Uj. , () . , Uj. Uj (t) to < t < , Uj.
t = to = 0, t - , , j = 3, 1 ( , - ), .. (0) = 1,
1 (0) = 2 (0) = P4 (0) = Ps (0) = 6 (0) = P7 (0). (0) = 1 R
(-1): Z32*(0) = (-1)*(+1)= -1, F: Z34*(0)= =(+ 1) * (+ 1) = + 1.
U (j = 1)
1(t) = (- 1) * P21(t - 1) + (+ 1) * P61 (t - 1) + (+ 1) * P41(t - 1).
1:
U1 (t) = U1 (t - 1) + (- 1) * P21 (t - 1) + 61 (t - 1) + P41 (t- 1).
Uj t = t0, j = 1 ,, j(0), j = 1, , (2) (3),
Uj(0)= Uj + Pj(0), J=1,n, (4)
Uj (t). , , .
1 ().
- (t) = (P1(t), P2(t),..., Pn(f))
P(t)TP=P(0)TP*Zt, (5)
(0)TP - -; (0) - -; Zt - t- .
|
|
. . 182 [II]. (1) :
Uj (t) = Uj (t - 1) + Pj (t), j = 1 ,n, :
U(t)=U(t-1)+P(t). (6)
U (t- 1) (- w-) - (t), (5), U(t). . t = 1, U(I): U(1) =U(0)+P (1), (1)TP = ()TP * Z1 U (2) = U(1) + (2), (2)TP = ()TP * Z2 .. t = , T - . Z t. Zt == Z* Zt-1, t - 1 Zt-1, , Zt-1, Zt Z Zt-1. (t) U (t) , 100, . , :
1) ;
2) Uj, j = 1 ,, Uj (t), to £ t £ , j = 1 ,; Pj (t), to £ t £ ;
3) (O)TP = (1(0), 2 (0),...), . - , (0), ;
4) ,
5) (, , ), (t) ( , , ).
, / , , .
, , , - :
) , ; ) ( ) - .
.
- i j, . tij, i =1,, j = 1,. , .. : . t0 - tij, ( , - , .. ). t0 .
tij /t0 = lij, (7)
. i j (lij - 1) , i j . , |Zij| ¹1, i j
(Zij)1/a, a =lij. (8)
, - . : , .
. (lij . , , , . , . , , .
, , .., , , - Zij. - . , . .
Z = (Zij. i = 1, n, j = 1,n)
1. (xij), xij, , + 1, - 1, j = 1 ,, i = 1 ,.
2. : Uj* (t), P < t < to, , P - , .
3. e, .
4. : Zij, (i = 1,n, j =1,, ,
åå( Zij - xij )2 min (9)
Uj (t) - e £ Uj(t) £ Uj* (t) + e, j = 1, n, t = 1, , (10)
U(t)=U(t-l)+P(0)Zt, (11)
Uj (0) = Uj* (TP ) + Pj (0), j = 1, n, (12)
P, (0) = Uj* (P + 1) - Uj* (TP), j =1,n. (13)
M0 - Uj* (t) , , Uj (t) - , a Uj* (t) - Uj (0).
:
[P, t] ij Zij - ( + 1 - 1), +1 - 1 (xij) [. (9)]. , Zij = ij i j. Zij + 1 - 1, ij, , ½ xij ½ - (9). Zij ij Z t =1, 0. Xt = (xij, i =1, n, j = 1 ,) Uj (t) . (10) Uj (t) (t = 1 ,) Uj* (t) e - . Zij , Uj (t) .
Zij1/a, = lij, |
(8) |
, (0) . 䭭, (0) Uj * ( TP + 1) - Uj* (TP) j (12). . (0) (11). (0), (12), zij (): zij = zij ((0)). (0) (9)
å å (zij ((0)) - xij)2
J i
(11) , (0) , (9), ..
å å (zij ((0)) - xij)2
J i
.
, , , , . , pe .
5. : . 0 Uj* (t), t £ to. ( - ) , 0.
0 ³ n, n- . n .
. , n , , . , n , .
n Uj{t}, 1 £ t £ 0, , . , , n.
, , Uj{t} Uj* (t) .
Uj*(t) - e £ Uj(t) < Uj*(t) + e, . , (0) .
, , . , , .