-1,3 () , 4,5C. , 2--1,3 () 34C. ; .
.
, , - : 1 2 ( 1,2-), 1 4 ( 1,4-) .
I.
1.
)
1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1
CH2=CH CH2 CH = CH2 + H H → CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2
-1,4 -1
5 4 3 2 1
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 + H H → CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
-1
)
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 + H H → CH3 CH = CH CH2 CH3
-1,3 -2
1 2 3 4 5
CH3 CH = CH CH2 CH3 + H H → CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
-2
2.
1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1
CH2=CH CH2 CH = CH2 + Br Br → CH2Br CHBr CH2 CH = CH2
-1,4 4.5--1
5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
CH2Br CHBr CH2 CH = CH2 + Br Br → CH2Br CHBr CH2 CHBr CH2Br
4,5--1 1,2,4,5-
)
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 + Br Br → CH2Br CH = CH CHBr CH3
-1,3 1.4--2
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
CH2Br CH = CH CHBr CH3 + Br Br → CH2Br CHBr CHBr CHBr CH3
1,4--2 1,2,3,4-
3. ( : HX ( X -Hal, -OH ..) - , X )
1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1
CH2=CH CH2 CH = CH2 + H Br → CH3 CHBr CH2 CH = CH2
-1,4 4--1
5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
CH3 CHBr CH2 CH = CH2 + H Br → CH3 CHBr CH2 CHBr CH3
4--1 2,4-
)
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 + H Br → CH3 CH = CH CHBr CH3
-1,3 4--2
1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1
CH3 CH = CH CHBr CH3 + H Br → CH3 CH2 CHBr CHBr CH3
4--2 2,3-
5 4 3 2 1
→ CH3 CHBr CH2 CHBr CH3
2,4-
4. ( )
1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1
CH2=CH CH2 CH = CH2 + H OH → CH3 CH OH CH2 CH = CH2
|
|
-1,4 -1-4
5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
CH3 CH OH CH2 CH = CH2 + H OH → CH3 CH OH CH2 CH OH CH3
-1-4 -2,4
)
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 + H OH → CH3 CH = CH CH OH CH3
-1,3 -2-4
1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1
CH3 CH = CH CH OH CH3 + H OH → CH3 CH2 CH OH CH OH CH3
-2-4 -2,3
5 4 3 2 1
→ CH3 CH OH CH2 CH OH CH3
-2,4
5. ( )
1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1
CH2=CH CH2 CH = CH2 + H O-SO2-OH → CH3 CH CH2 CH = CH2
|
O-SO2-OH
5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
CH3 CH CH2 CH = CH2 + H O-SO2-OH → CH3 CH CH2 CH CH3
| | |
O-SO2-OH O-SO2-OH O-SO2-OH
)
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 + H O-SO2-OH → CH3 CH = CH CH CH3
|
O-SO2-OH
1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1
CH3 CH = CH CH CH3 + H O-SO2-OH → CH3 CH2 CH CH CH3
| | |
O-SO2-OH HO-2OS-O O-SO2-OH
5 4 3 2 1
→ CH3 CH CH2 CH CH3
| |
O-SO2-OH O-SO2-OH
6. ( ), :
1 2 3 4 6 5 4 3 2 1
CH3 CH3 + CH2=C CH = CH2 → CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH = CH2
| |
CH3 CH3
2--1,3 3--1
6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH=CH2 + CH3CH3 → CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
| |
CH3 CH3
3--1 4-
7. , , :
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CH2=CHCH=CH2 + CH2=CHCH=CH2 → CH2=CHCH=CH CH2CH2CH=CH2
-1,3 -1,3,7
II. .
1.
t0
2C4H6 + 11 O2 () → 8 CO2 + 6 H2O
t0
2C4H6 + 7 O2 () → 8 CO + 6 H2O
t0
2C4H6 + 3 O2 ( ) → 8 C + 6 H2O
2.
t0, Kt
2 CH2=CH CH = CH2 + O2 → CH2 CH CH = CH2
\ /
O
-1 ( -1)
t0, Kt
2 CH2 CH CH = CH2 + O2 → CH2 CH CH CH2
\ / \ / \ /
O O O
( )
3.
KMnO4 4 3 2 1
CH2=CH CH = CH2 + [O] + H OH → CH2 CH CH = CH2
| |
OH OH
(-1-1,2)
KMnO4 4 3 2 1
CH2 CH CH = CH2 + [O] + H OH → CH2 CH CH CH2
| | | | | |
OH OH OH OH OH OH
(-1,2,3,4)
KMnO4 .
III. .
t0, kt
n CH2 = CH CH=CH2 → ( CH2 CH = CH CH2 )n
-1,3
H H H CH2
\ / \ /
C = C C = C
/ \ / \
H2C CH2 H2C H
- -
.
1. (1932.)
450oC, Al2O3, ZnO
2 CH3 CH2 OH → CH2=CH CH = CH2 + H2O + H2
-1,3
2.
500-600⁰C, Kt
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 → CH2=CH CH = CH2 + H2
- -1,3
( )
500-600⁰C, Kt
|
|
CH3 CH CH2 CH3 → CH2=CH CH = CH2 + H2
| |
CH3 CH3
2- 2--1,3
()
500-600⁰C, MgO, ZnO
CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 → CH2=CH CH = CH2 + H2
-1 -1,3
3.
Br Br
| | , to
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 + 2 KOH → CH3 = CH CH = CH3 + 2 KBr + 2 H2O
1,4- -1,3
Br Br
| | , to
CH2 CH2 CH CH3 + 2 KOH → CH3 = CH CH = CH3 + 2 KBr + 2 H2O
1,3- -1,3
( 2,3- 2,2- )
5. . .
, .
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|
|
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