1. . .
2. ( 1 2).
2.1 a b (. 4.4, ), (a =1, b =1). , ( ). , .
4.4
2.2 a b (. 6.1, ) , . f 1 , , f 2 =1, . .
2.3 1, 2 . 1, 2 1, 2. . .
2.4 f 1 f 2, 1 2. . : d 1- ; d 2 ; d 3 . . , d 1. (d 2 =1) 1. d 1, 1 , d 3, 1 2. (d 2 =0), 2, 1 . (d 1=0) 1 .
2.5 1 . ( ) ( b). ( ) d ( ). - ( ). 1 ( m), 2 ( n).
2.6 b 1, 2, 3, 4. . , , . , 3, . ϳ ( ).
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4.2
| 1 | ||
| 1 | ||
| b | 2 | |
| b | b | 3 |
| b | 4 |
2.7 . . , , . ϳ . , , . , , . , . ϳ .
2.8 . d =1 . 1, 1, 1. =1 ( ). 2, 2, 2. , , .
2.9 1. , : , , . , . .
2.10 2.9. г , , , , .
2.11 ,b, . =1, , 1 . ϳ , 1, , =1, b .
2.12 ,b, . =1, 1, 1 . ϳ , 1, , =1, b .
2.13 ,b, . =1, 1, 1 . ϳ , 1, , =1, b .
2.14 , a b f 1 i f 2. . , f 1=1, f 2=0, , f 1=0, f 2=1.
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2.15 b X. C X= 1 , 1, . ϳ X= 1 , b , .
2.16 
. X, Y, Z. 
, X= 1, Y= 0, Z= 0; 
X= 0, Y= 1, Z= 0; A=B, X= 0, Y= 0, Z= 1.
2.17 ,b, . =1, 1, 1 , b , c . ϳ , 1, , 0 .
2.18 ,b, . =1, 1, 1 . ϳ , 1, , =1, b .
2.19 1 2. . SQ1 SQ2 , 1 2 , . ϳ SQ3 .
2.20 1 2. 1 . SQ1, 1 , 2 SQ3, 1, 2 . SQ2 1 2 .
2.21 . : SQ1, SQ2, SQ3. , . , , , .
2.22 , 1..4 b1.b4. :
2.23 . . , , . ϳ . , , . , . , . ϳ .
2.24 . , , , . , .
3. , , .
4.5
4.5 ()
4.5 ()
4. JK- .
, RS-, .
2, . , .
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:
4.1 0,1,2,3,4,4,3,2,1,0,1,2
4.2 0,1,2,3,5,5,3,2,1,0,1,2
4.3 0,4,2,3,6,6,3,2,4,0,4,2
4.4 0,1,2,3,7,7,3,2,1,0,1,2
4.5 0,1,2,4,5,5,4,2,1,0,1,2
4.6 0,2,4,5,7,7,5,4,2,0,2,4
4.7 0,1,2,4,7,7,4,2,1,0,1,2
4.8 0,1,2,5,6,6,5,2,1,0,1,2
4.9 0,3,2,5,7,7,5,2,3,0,1,2
4.10 0,1,2,6,7,7,6,2,1,0,1,2
4.11 0,1,3,4,5,5,4,3,1,0,1,3
4.12 0,2,3,5,6,6,5,3,2,0,2,3
4.13 0,1,3,4,6,6,4,3,1,0,1,3
4.14 0,1,4,5,7,7,5,4,1,0,1,4
4.15 0,1,4,6,7,7,6,4,1,0,1,4
4.16 0,3,5,6,7,7,6,5,3,0,3,5
4.17 0,1,3,4,6,6,4,3,1,0,1,3
4.18 0,7,2,5,3,3,5,2,7,0,7,2
4.19 0,7,2,6,3,3,6,2,7,0,7,2
4.20 0,5,3,4,6,6,4,3,5,0,5,3
4.21 0,7,3,5,6,6,5,3,7,0,7,3
4.22 0,2,3,4,6,6,4,3,2,0,2,3
4.23 0,4,1,5,7,7,5,1,4,0,4,1
4.15 0,3,1,2,7,7,2,1,3,0,3,1
