.
+ .
( - Robert Gerowitz, OD, FOAA Atropine Ophthalmic Therapy for Limiting the Progression of Childhood Myopia, - 2015).
.
.
() , , , , , .
19 . . ? - .
- 1,0%. , . 1.0%, , , .
, (0,02% 0,01% 1,0%) . , . , , . , .
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16- , . 19- . 20- - (1). Bedrossian Gostin 1968 . 1% 1 . 1 (.. , , ). , , 0,21 D, , 0,82 D. .
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Gimbel (2), Kelly . (3), Dyer (4), Sampson (5), Bedrossian (6-8), Gruber (9), Brodstein (10), Brenner (11) Yen (12) 1973 1989. 0,22 D/ 0,58 D/ , 0,28 D/ 0,91 D/. , .
.
Chiang . (13) 706 , 1% . 0,08 D/ 0,23 D/ , , . . (1) 214 , 1% 3,4 . 0,05 D/ 0,36 D/. .
Chua . (14) , , , - 400 6 13 , . , "the Atropine for the Treatment of Childhood Myopia" (ATOM), , . 1% 2 , . . 2- 1.20 D 0.28 D , . 2- , 77%- . , , . , 1% .
Shih . (15) 0,5% . 18 , 0,42 D , 0,5% 1,19 D 1,40 D , , . , , .
Shih . (16) . 0,5%, 0,25%, 0,1% 0,5% ( ) . 0,04 D/ 0,5% , 0,45 D/ 0,25% , 0,47 D/ 0,1% 1,06 D/ . , , , 50%, 0,5% 90% .
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Lu . (17) , (n = 120). , : 0,1% , 0,25% , 0,5%. , 0,28 D , 1,23 D . 77%- , , .
Lee . (18) 0,05% . 1 0,05% . 0,28 D/ 0,05% 0,75 D/ . : "0,05% ".
Fang . (19) 0,025% . 0,025% . 0,14 D/ 0,025% 0,58 D/ . , " 0,025% 1 ."
ATOM2 (Atropine for the Treatment of Childhood Myopia) . 2 0,15 D/ 0,5% , 0.19D/ 0,1% 0,24 D/ 0,01% (20). , ATOM1 2 0,60 D/ 0,14 D/ 1% . , 0,01% 0,1% 0,5%, .
, , 1,0% 0,5%. , , 0.001% .
.
, , . 0.025%.
2- -1 (14), 400 , . : (4,5%), (1,5%), (1%), (3,5%) (0,5%). . .
Shih . (16) , . 78% , 0,5% , , 15% .
- . , . 100- , , .
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. Luu . (21) , . , ( ). : , , , - .
, , ATOM (22). . , 1%- , , , 1%- 1% . , , , , .
.
, , . , , . , , , . , , (23). , . , , .. , (24, 25). , (26). , - (24). , , . , , . , .
.
, 1% , 95% . . , . , 0,02% 0,01% . , . , , , 0,02% 0,01%, .
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:
1. Kennedy RH, Dyer JA, Kennedy MA, Parulkar S, Kurland LT, Herman DC, et al. Reducing the progression of myopia with atropine: a long term cohort study of Olmsted County students. Binocul Vis Strabismus Q 2000;15(3 Suppl):281-304.
2. Gimbel HV. The control of myopia with atropine. Can J Ophthalmol 1973;8(4):527-32.
3. Kelly TS, Chatfield C, Tustin G. Clinical assessment of the arrest of myopia. Br J Ophthalmol 1975;59(10):529-38.
4. Dyer JA. Role of cyclopegics in progressive myopia. Ophthalmology 1979;86(5):692-4.
5. Sampson WG. Role of cycloplegia in the management of functional myopia. Ophthalmology 1979;86(5):695-7.
6. Bedrossian RH. The effect of atropine on myopia. Ann Ophthalmol 1971;3(8):891-7.
7. Bedrossian RH. The effect of atropine on myopia. Ophthalmology 1979;86(5):713-9.
8. Bedrossian RH. The treatment of myopia with atropine and bifocals: a long-term prospective study. Ophthalmology 1985;92(5):716.
9. Gruber E. Treatment of myopia with atropine and bifocals. Ophthalmology 1985;92(7):985.
10. Brodstein RS, Brodstein DE, Olson RJ, Hunt SC, Williams RR. The treatment of myopia with atropine and bifocals. A long-term prospective study. Ophthalmology 1984;91(11):1373-9.
11. Brenner RL. Further observations on use of atropine in the treatment of myopia. Ann Ophthalmol 1985;17(2):137-40.
12. Yen MY, Liu JH, Kao SC, Shiao CH. Comparison of the effect of atropine and cyclopentolate on myopia. Ann Ophthalmol 1989;21(5):180-2, 87.
13. Chiang MF, Kouzis A, Pointer RW, Repka MX. Treatment of childhood myopia with atropine eyedrops and bifocal spectacles. Binocul Vis Strabismus Q 2001;16(3):209-15.
14. Chua WH, Balakrishnan V, Chan YH, Tong L, Ling Y, Quah BL, et al. Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia. Ophthalmology 2006;113(12):2285-91.
15. Liang CK, Ho TY, Li TC, Hsu WM, Li TM, Lee YC, et al. A combined therapy using stimulating auricular acupoints enhances lower-level atropine eyedrops when used for myopia control in school-aged children evaluated by a pilot randomized controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2008;16(6):305-10.
16. Shih YF, Chen CH, Chou AC, Ho TC, Lin LL, Hung PT. Effects of different concentrations of atropine on controlling myopia in myopic children. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 1999;15(1):85-90.
17. Lu P, Chen J. Retarding progression of myopia with seasonal modification of topical atropine. Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research 2010;5:75-81.
18. Lee JJ, Fang PC, Yang IH, Chen CH, Lin PW, Lin SA, et al. Prevention of myopia progression with 0.05% atropine solution. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2006;22(1):41-6.
19. Fang PC, Chung MY, Yu HJ, Wu PC. Prevention of myopia onset with 0.025% atropine in premyopic children. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2010;26(4):341-5.
20. Chia A, Chua WH, Cheung YB, Wong WL, Lingham A, Fong A, et al. Atropine for the Treatment of Childhood Myopia: Safety and Efficacy of 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.01% Doses (Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia 2). Ophthalmology 2011.
21. Luu CD, Lau AM, Koh AH, Tan D. Multifocal electroretinogram in children on atropine treatment for myopia. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89(2):151-3.
22. Tong L, Huang XL, Koh AL, Zhang X, Tan DT, Chua WH. Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia: effect on myopia progression after cessation of atropine. Ophthalmology 2009;116(3):572-9.
23. Smith EL, 3rd, Huang J, Hung LF, Blasdel TL, Humbird TL, Bockhorst KH. Hemiretinal form deprivation: evidence for local control of eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009;50(11):5057-69.
24. Schaeffel F, Troilo D, Wallman J, Howland HC. Developing eyes that lack accommodation grow to compensate for imposed defocus. Vis Neurosci 1990;4(2):177-83.
25. Wildsoet C, Pettigrew J. Experimental myopia and anomalous eye growth patterns unaffected by optic nerve section in chickens: Evidence for local control of eye growth. Clinical Vision Science 1988;3:99-107.
26. Charman WN, Radhakrishnan H. Peripheral refraction and the development of refractive error: a review. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2010;30(4):321-38.
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