4.2. (TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC ENERGY)
1. . .
2.
2. of, by, on, in, from... to, due to, of
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4. .
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1.1. - . (. 1). (. .. 2). (Find a transcription of the following words in the English-Russian dictionary. Say the words according to the transcription (see Application1). Listen to the words (see Introduction. item2.)
to depend on (upon) - ()
to generate - ,
to reduce - ,
to resist -
to vary - ()
circuit - , ,
distance - ,
loss -
main - ,
thick -
thin -
since - ;
the -er... the er - ...
1.2. TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC ENERGY 1.1. . (. . .1). (Find words pointed in the task 1.1. in the text TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC ENERGY. Write down the words in a context (see Introduction. item1.)
TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC ENERGY
As we know, electric energy is transmitted to different parts of the country by means of transmitting lines. The lines include thick wires made of different metals. A number of metal wires put together form one thick cable and a pair includes two insulated conductors forming a metallic circuit. Thus the basic technological part of energy transmission process is a long transmission line, and a cable is its main part.
The length of transmitting lines varies greatly since different signals must be transmitted over various distances, from area to area. In the process of transmitting electric energy, heating and radiation losses take place in the lines. The intensity of losses depends on the resistance in the lines. The greater is the resistance in the lines, the greater are the losses of conducting wires. Naturally, the losses must be reduced. The purpose of any energy transmission is to carry energy with as little losses as possible. Conductors and transformers are connected to the lines since they serve as the means of reducing heating and radiation losses.
1.3. . (. . .3.). . , . (Read the following words. Pay attention to the translation of international words (see Introduction. item3). Try to translate these words without a dictionary. Write down the translation of these words, referring to the dictionary.)
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basic_________________
intensity______________
metal ________________
process_______________
transformer____________
efficiency_____________
1.4. . (Translate the following word combinations in writing.)
various distances ______________________________________________
distant areas __________________________________________________
reduced losses_________________________________________________
main parts____________________________________________________
as little heating losses as possible _________________________________
as much solid fuel as possible____________________________________
energy being transmitted to distant areas____________________________
thick wires made of different metals_______________________________
main parts forming a circuit______________________________________
losses being reduced by transformers_______________________________
2.1. . .4. , (. ). (Read Introduction. item4. Reverse the following nouns to the verbs, write down the translation of the words (see Model.)
(Model): variation ; to vary ,
reduction ___________; to ________ __________
generation __________; to ________ __________
dependence _________; to ________ __________
insulation __________; to ________ __________
2.2. . .4. , (. ). (Read Introduction. item4. Reverse the following nouns to the adjectives, write down the translation of the words (see Model.)
(Model): dependence ; dependent ,
approximation _______; __________ __________
generation___________; _________ ___________
different ____________; _________ ___________
intensive ____________; _________ ___________
intensivity ___________; _________ ___________
resistant ____________; _________ ___________
variable _____________; _________ ___________
metallic _____________; _________ ___________
efficient ____________; _________ ___________
efficiency ___________; _________ ___________
3. by means of, by, on, in, from... to, due to, of
3.1. (of, by, on, in, from... to, due to, of) (. . .7. 4). (Choose the proper prepositions (of, by, on, in, from... to, due to, of) and paste them in the following sentences (see Introduction. item7 and Application4.)
What does the efficiency... transmission depend...?
Electric energy is transmitted.........metallic lines... area... area.
Modern communication is possible......the usage... different communication means.
Heating and radiation losses take place... lines and must be reduced... transformers.
The intensity... losses depends... the resistance... the line.
4.1. . .5. , TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC ENERGY (.1.2). (Read Introduction. item5. Following the recommendations, read the text TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC ENERGY (item 1.2.)
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4.2. 3.1. TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC ENERGY (.1.2). (Find the answers to the questions of the item 3.1. in the text TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC ENERGY (item 1.2.)
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5.1. TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC ENERGY (.1.2). (. . .6). (Read the text TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC ENERGY (item 1.2.). Prepare a report on the theme (see Introduction. item6.)
5.2. TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC ENERGY (.1.2) TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC ENERGY, 1). (Write down the reduced variant of the original text TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC ENERGY (item 1.2) for the report on the theme TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC ENERGY, using phrases from Application1.)
: Ȼ . (The additional information: You can make the presentation on a theme TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC ENERGY and show it in the classroom.)
