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2016
............................................................................................................... 3
1. ( )....................................... 5
2. ................................................................ 12
2.1 ..............................................................................................
2.2 .......................................................................................
2.3 .....................................................................
3. ..................................................................
................................................................................................................... 31
........................................................................................................ 32
. , () .
. . (E.Pretch) [1,2]. , , n× (10-8 10-11) M. , [3], [4].
, , . , , . . .
, - , .
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, 30 . , . , , . , . [5]
, , , .
, . [6], .
( )
, . - . , . , , [7-12]. :
- , -. , , (.1), [13, 14];
1. . PA -, PPP- (n -), PPV (n -), PANI , PPy , PT .
- , , , . , , [15-17];
- , , [18-20]. , , , .
. . , , , , [21]. , . . , [22-28].
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, . :
- -, [29,30];
- , , , [31,32];
- , . , [33,34].
, , . - -, , - . , . , . , , .
.
. , -. , Fe (III). , , , () . - , . , , , . .2
2. C .
. , , - . 3,4- PEDOT, , (-), (.3)
3. .
, - , , - (1)
, , . , , , () () . .
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.
. , . , NADH. : , , , . . . , ( ), 50 NADH ( -0,2V), , 60 ( , ) 500 NADH. [37]
, / NADH , (PPF). , / , 2- /2+ / NADH/ (250 ) . , NADH. . [36]
, . , - ( ). 1/2, . , =7.4. . , , - . . , [40].
- . . , . . 5 1-1,5%. , 0.05 0.5 , . . . , , . , ( 4).
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. .. , . : (33%), (2-6%), - (63 %), 2-3 . .
(1×10-4 1×10-1 ) ( 1). , 6×10-5 . . SCN−, CN−, S2− I−.
2.
4. 5 0.005 M 0.0009 M (a) 0.1 M (b) 0.1 M [35].
1.
.
(1) 1×10-1 1×10-6 1×10-2 ; (2) - 1×10-2 1×10-4 , 1×10-4 1×10-2 . [38]
- lg KAg+ | ||
Na+ | 1.9 | 2.1 |
K+ | 1.8 | 2.1 |
Mg2+ | 2.5 | 2.1 |
Ca2+ | 2.5 | 2.3 |
Sr2+ | 2.3 | 2.5 |
Pb2+ | 2.1 | 2.7 |
Cu2+ | 2.2 | 1.7 |
Co2+ | 3.0 | 2.4 |
Ni2+ | 2.1 | 2.6 |
Zn2+ | 2.2 | 2.6 |
Cd2+ | 3.0 | 2.6 |
Hg2+ | 2.3 | 2.3 |
Fe3+ | 2.2 | 2.5 |
2.
( ).
. | ||||
[35] | ||||
pH=7.0, kobs, [NADH]=0 = 3.9×103 M-1 S-1 | [36] | |||
[37] | ||||
2- | (1 × 10-4 1 × 10-1 ), (6 × 10-5 ), (3.3-8.0) | [38] | ||
k 1 (1.8×103 M-1 s-1, pH 7.0) | [39] |
:
- ;
- ;
- .
( , . ), , , (), .. ( . .. ).
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NaOH.
, , 5.
5. , n=1-5.
- -. (3 , 100 ) , , . . - , , . 5.
, . .
pH pH-- " 001" ( -13.1) "-", ..
AutoLab.
, Unipipette 2010 Vari (Plastomed, ).
.
Microcal Origin 8.1.
.
?. 2 .
.
10 0.1 NO3 . -0.4 +0.8 K3Fe(CN)6 (1.0×10-6 1.0×10-3 ).
. ( K3[Fe(CN)6]) 0.329 K3[Fe(CN)6] 10 0.1 . 0.1 K4[Fe(CN)6] 0.4220 K4[Fe(CN)6] 10 . 0.5 2.11 K4[Fe(CN)6] 10 .
3.1.
. 6 - . , .
1 2
6. , , ( 1) ( 2).
3.2. .
, 1 ( 1) (.7). (.3).
7. , , 1, .
3.
, , 1.
K3Fe(CN)6, | E, | I, A | E, | I, A | |
1 | |||||
1×10-5 | - | - | - | - | |
5×10-5 | 0,297 | 2,985 | 0,525 | 2,029 | |
1×10-4 | 0,253 | 6,250 | 0,548 | 6,753 | |
5×10-4 | 0,163 | 19,061 | 0,566 | 41,072 |
, 5×10-3 , ( 5 ÷ 700 ) ( 8).
8. , , 1, . 5×10-3 .
, 2 (.9, 10).
9. , , 2, .
10. , , 1, . 5×10-3 .
1. , .
2. .
3. .
4. .