( , ..).
, HCl :
CaC2O4 ó Ca2+ + C2O42
HCl ó H+ + Cl
() C2O42 + H+ ó HC2O4
HC2O4 + H+ ó H2C2O4
, , .
=
= f (T, P, , μ, α α)
:
= = [A]a[B]bfAafBb = fAafBb αα = fAafBb αα
, , , fAafBb, .
, ?
1. , < 10-7 μ 0, .
2. μ≠0 ( ). .
3. , - .
S . /, /100, / .. , , ..
, S . x,
= [A][B] = x2
S = x =
,
ó aA +
[A] = aS [B] = bS
()= [A]a[B]b = [aS]a[ bS]b = aabbSa+b.
, Ag2CrO4 ( = 1,4410-12)
= 7,510-5/.
, . , BaSO4 ( = 1,0510-10) , CaSO4 ( = 9,110-6) .
, , . 3 :
1. < . . . , .. .
|
|
2. = . . . .
3. > . . = . .
() .
, . , , .
, () , , , () .
.
, , AgCl ( = 1,7810-10). 0,01 KCl:
1) S = = 1,310-5 M
2) - , 0,01 KCl = x (x + 0,01).
. x . S = [Ag+] = x = 1,7810-10 / 0,01 =1,7810-8. , , . .