, () . .
. , -.
KnAm - . : KnAm = nKm+ + mAn-. , Al 2 (SO 4) 3 = 2Al3+ + 3SO 4 2-. .
KnAm , , , : nAmÛnKm+ +mAn-. ; ., H2SO3Û2H+ + SO32-. , .. , .
, , KKnAm, KnAm : KKnAm = ([Km+]n[An- ]m)/[KnAm] (1.1)
[Km+] [An-] , , [KnAm] , . , H2SO3 ( . ) : H2SO3=([H+]2[SO32-])/[H2SO3].
, , . () ([KnAm] = const) : KKnAm = = [Km+]n[An- ]m (1.2)
, (1.2), .
1.1. Fe(OH) 2.
Fe(OH) 2 : Fe(OH) 2 ÛFe2+ + 2OH-. (. 1.2) (. ): = [Fe2+][ OH-]2 = 2×10-15
[Fe2+] = . [ OH-] = 2, : = (2)2 = 43. : = [Fe2+] = (/4)1/3 = (2×10-15/4)1/3 = 0,8×10-5, [ OH-] = 2 = 1,6×10-5.
. , , .
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a, . , a = 1(100%), - a<1(<100%). , , a<0,01(<1%). .
1.2. 0,1 3.
, : 3Û3- + +; 3=[3-] × [+]/[3]=1,75×10-5
.. , .. [3] @ 0,1/. , 3- + . : 3 = [+]2/[3]. : [+]=[CH 3 COO-] = (3× [3])1/2 = (1,75×10-5×0,1))1/2= (1,75×10-6)1/2=1,3×10-3.
. : 2Û+ + -. ( =220) + - , :
[H+][OH-]= 2=10-14 (1.3)
2=10-14 .
+ - , ():
= - lg[H+] (1.4)
1.3. 0,1 3 .
0,1 3 + : [H + ]=1,3×10-3 (. 1.2). (1.4) : = - lg[H + ]= - lg 1,3×10-3=2,9.
( = 7), ( < 7) ( > 7).