1614-. . , , , .
1642-. - . 0 9. , 9 , 1. , , !
1814-. , . 1822 , , .
1890-. . , , 1924 IBM - .
1936-. " ", .
" " , - , - , , " ". . . "", . - . / , .
. ., 60- XX Control Data Corporation. , , 1920 New York World "" (Supercomputing), IBM, .
. 2.8. Cray-2 - 90-
"" - Control Data 6600, Control Data 7600, Cray-1, Cray-2, Cray-3 Cray-4 (. 3.4.3). , , , , - 60- 1996 . : " , ". , "".
|
|
, "" , IBM, Hewlett-Packard, NEC , , . Cray Inc. .
70- , 1980- ( 4 16) . , , . , " - - " (" Shared Memory - Single Instruction - Multi Data").
1980- 1990- - .
- , , . - RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), Power PC PA- RISC. , . Intel Paragon, IBM SP, ray T3D/T3E .
2002 Cray Inc. Cray X1 52,4 65,5 ( - Floating Point, ). 2,5 . . Top 500 (http://www. top500. org), , . " " (Earth Simulator) 35,86 (5120 ), NEC. - ASCI (7,7; 7,7 7,2 ). - , Hewlett-Packard ( 4096 ) IBM (8192 ).
( ) Cray Inc. . . GRAPE [http://grape.astron.s.u-tokyo. ac. jp/grape/] GRAPE-6. 12 2048 2,889 ( 64 ). GRAPE- 20 . , 10
|
|
, , . : , , . , (Massively Parallel Processing - MPP).
- , . , - SMP - (Symmetric Multi Processor). , : Linux, NT, Solaris . . , , 10- Ethernet, , . Alpha, Myrinet, , Gigabit Ethernet Fast Ethernet .
, () . : , , . . , -, , , Internet.
. , , , , , , . SGI, VALinux Scali Computer.
2000 () (Advanced Cluster Computing Consortium), - . , , - Dell, Intel Microsoft. , -, , Compaq, Giganet, IBM, Kuck & Associates .
, - Fast Ethernet [http://www.ptc.spbu.ru]: , , . , Alpha Pentium III. - Alpha Myrinet . Alpha-, Fast Ethernet Linux [www.osp.ru/os/2000/05-06/178019/].
|
|
"" - , , , , . ., . ? , (, , ), , , , , .