2.4.1.
. . . , .
(). : -, , ; -, , .
, . .
() (. 2.61, ) , BY, ї Z ( , , ). , ,
/ ;
, /; / , , ()
.
= 3 .
1 1, , ,
, (. 2.61, ):
, .
:
ʗ ; . = 2/3, = exp(J2n/3).
Fm, .. \F\= Fm.
. 2.61. () ()
Fa, Fb, Fc F (. 2.61, 6) . 2.61, . , cocf F .
Zn- - (.. , 2rfm)
jc (.. ),
F; :
D ; Zn .
/0 = 60/ /Zn.
. . , , , '2, . , , . - (. 2.62), Rs, R'j (s) (2) ; , ' ;. :
|
|
.
. 2.62. -
, :
(2.40)
= Xsa + ' .
, 0, .
(2.41)
(2.42)
(2.41) (2.42) :
(2.43)
(2.43) , .
. (2.43) ( ). , ,
(2.43)
(2.44)
, (2.40) (2.44), , :
(2.45)
(2.45) dM/ds = 0 sK. :
(2.46)
(2.47) (2.48)
a = Rs/R'2.
, Rs = 0. = 0. Є > > 10 . (2.46)...(2.48), , :
(2.49) (2.50)
, , (2.45). : ( ). (0 = const) , , (2.43). : ; .
( ), . , , -
. , .
, . .
|
|
. , (2.50) . , = /. ,
R'a , .
= /(/) R'a. ( ; , ). , . 3...6 , . - . - .
2.4.2.
. Uc = const (. 2.63) (), Us = var Uy. , , - (). - - .
. 2.63.
. (. 2.64, ) - (VS1...S6) , . , , : . = 0 (. 2.64, ) . = ai > 0 Us, . . 2.64, ,
U\. (. 2.65, ).
. 2.64. () (, )
(. 2.65, ); .
, . Us , . 2.64, , ( , , ). , , ; . , (2.49), , . 0 = 2/ /Zn . sK (2.48)
|
|
. 2.65. :
;
. , . 2.66, , = const sK = 0,1...0,2, ^ , ( 1 2). , .
_._ ,
. 2. 66, , Mei, ,
. 2.66.
Mcl = const. , Mc2{s), , . , . ( !) , . sK, ( 3 4), ( 5 ), . 2.66. , f/d (. . 2.66), . 1, , , . (. 2.67), . /1 / ( 2). , 2. = 2 = const , 2 > / . ; 2 .
. 2.67.
. , . , . 2. 68, . VS1...VS6 , Uy .
. 2.68. () ()
(2.51)
U3 ; ; ( ).
U3 RP1. (2.51), , , Uy ( U3 = const), , . 1-2 (. . 2.67), - (. . 2.67) U3\...U^ .
|
|
, . 2.68, , . , - .
, () . (. 2.68, ): VS2, VS3 VS5 ; VS1, VS4, VS8 VS9 , . ( ) .
, , , . , . , , . ,
(, ). , .
2.4.3.
, . () , . .
, . 2.64. : . , () . .
. (. 2.69), Rao6 , . VS1, VS2. / , , Ra06, = /| / 1 0. ? ; .
= (1 - ).
. 2.69.
/ . , , . , , .. . , . 2.70, , Rao6 , VD1...VD6. , VS1, VS2, Lk0M VD7.
, VS1 VS2 /d . ; . RS. VS1 VS2 RaO6 /d -
|
|
(- Ld) /d] (. 2.70, ). . VS2 + - Ld - - VS2 - RS - "; (. 2.70, ). - . VS1 Ui /d , R Rm, zd0. VS1 - VS1 --VD7-LK0M -Ckom- , , + ( . 2.70, ). VD7 VS2.
/d2 (. 2.70, ), RS, VS2, , VS1, . + - Ld - - VS2 - RS - ", +, VS2 . VS1, (20...80 ). VS1 , 6 /d3, VS1. 2, VS1 VS2 , . 2.70, . . ..
. 2.70. :
; ;
VS2, /d cp , , . (. 2.70, ) , = 1 = 0.
. :
R, Rm Zd RS.
:
Kw ; R2 .
1, 2, 3 (. 2.70, ) . Uoc , . , .
VS1 . U3ap VD8 .
, .
2.4.4.
.
. , , , , .
, , , . . /0 (. . 2.62), &:
(2.52)
/s ; Ws ; .
(2.52) = 4,440^06, :
(2.53)
, /s %. , . /*, . (Rs = 0) , (2.49), , ( L^ L2a ):
(2.54)
, . , (2.54) Rs.
, .
MK /Me = * = const cooi
\, 1 cooi >02 . .. 1925 . :
(2.55)
= US/USHOM ; = 0/ = = Ifs ; , .
(2.55) , .
= const (2.55)
(2.56)
.. .
(2.55) = 2. , = Va.
(2.53) , , = const, a < 1, . 2.71. , , = . (2.56) a < 0,2 ( < 5 ) , (2.54). , , . . Rs .
( > 1) (2.56) , . Us = Us = const (. 2.71).
. 2.71.
. 2.72. , , , . (Uc, fc), . [/. , . , . .
. 2.72.
2.4.5.
: . - . , .., (). - . , ..
:
1) (); -;
2) .
.
( 2.73, ):
() 1 2, () 3 4 5 . (Uc,fc) Us fs. (), (). (. 2.73, , ) () (). , ( (2...5)103 ). ( ). - .
. 2.73. () (, )
Ld (. 2.73, ), . -
. , .
-. Uc .
(. 2.74) , ( ).
. 2.74. ( VS1...VS6 )
VS1...VS6 Ud , , . ; . = 120 . = 180 . =180 . . 1 2 , . 2.74, . , , ,
, VS1...VS6. , = + 0£Ud, VS1, = - 0,5£/- VS4. = 180 . . , 1, , , . 2.75. , . :
(2.57)
, + + = 0, (2.57) :
(2.58)
, (2.58) , .
VD1...VD6 , . 2.74, () . =120 . coscp . coscp < 0,558
, :
(. . 2.75), - (VD1...VD6), .
, . 2.75, =120 . = 150 . coscp, : coscp = 0 cosq> = l.
. 2.76, . a
. 2.75. = 180 .
. 2.76. () ()
VS7...VS12 ; --. VS1...VS6 L. VD7... VD12 . VS1...VS6, , . , VS1...VS6 1/3 , .. = 120 . . VS1, VS3, VS5 VS2, VS4, VS6 . , VS1 VS2. : Uj VS1Lї VD9 VS2-UdJ.no + ( ). VS3 (VS5 , VS2 ), + L VS1 VS3 ~ VS1 . Ua - VS3 - - L - VD7 - -VD8 VS2 Ud- , , +, VSI.
VS4. . (120 ., (. 2.76, ), 180 . ( ). , , .
. :
1) ;
2) ;
3) .
. , () . (, VS1 . 2.76, ), . 2.76, . VS1 VSK Ud VSK VD1 .. + VSK , / . VS1 (, ) +VSIVDKL" (ipa3p ). L , , . VS1. VSK, + VS1; , Ud . . , - , . . 2.76, , . , .
, , , , . / , . 2.77, . , . , 10 . . , ( . 2.76, ), . , . , , . - (), , (. 2.77, , ) . , , . (. 2.77, ), , . h ... ( = const 0 < /i <)- , , t\.
, . , (. 2.77, ). -
. 2.77. /
()
() ()
; . , , , 50 fs. ^ . , , .
. (. 2.78, ) , - (). , , . . 2.78, . VS1 VS2, VS3 , L1, Lrom . .
VS3 ^ VS3 ~LK0M ~Li Ed ( + )- VS1 VS2; ( L1), VS2 LK0M 0 ( ~LK0M ), + . VS1, VS3; VS1 + , , .
( 1 ), . ; VS3 VS1. , .
. 2.78. () ()
. 2.79, 1...6 VS1...VS6, VD1...VD6. , . 2.76, : . 2.73, , . , .. (, VS1 VS3,
vsb VS2 ..). , .
. 2.79.
() . , , (. 2.80).
, U1, VS1...VS6 , (VS1...VS3) , (VS4...VS6) . , .
. VS1...VS3 t\, h, h (. 2.81, ) 2,
TV (. . 2.80, 2.81, ). , VS1, (VS2), VS1 , VS2. , . , , , . 2.81, , VS1...VS3. VS1...VS3 VS6, VS4 VS5 t5, k, , . 2 , VS1...VS3, .. . (U, t2, h ..), (. 2.81, ).
(2.59)
/71 _ ; .
. 2.81 , , fc,
= 0,1, 2,3,... .
. 2.81. () ( - )
(2.60)
(2.60) , /s ./, (+1) \ . /s . /s .
, , . - : VS1...VS3 , VS4...VS6 . , . 4, 5 . , .
/s.
(2.59), . . 2.81, , . 2.81, , 2 > ^
- . /s , /c//s. - .
, /s, ( ), /.
, . , .
2.4.6.
(. . 2.4.4), () . (Us,fH0M) , - . , , . , ( ), , .
. (, ). , . ()- (. 2.82, ), UyM , £4. (). . 2.82, Uy.4, UyM; £/. Uc.4- , : ,
. 2.82.
()
()
, , .
, , . 2.82, , .
, . 2.82, , . ( ) . , , SJ ( . 2.82, ), U3M. , /s . 2.82, . .
(. 2.83, ) VS1...VS6 (. . 2.79) /s, , U. : 1) , (), (), (RS) ; 2) , (PC), (BR), () ( ) (). ,
(2.61)
2 .
(2.61) , f/oc, £/32 ( 2 = < - ). . PC. PC U- U3i , / = (..0,5)/shom