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2.4.1.

. . . , .

(). : -, , ; -, , .

, . .

() (. 2.61, ) , BY, ї Z ( , , ). , ,

/ ;

, /; / , , ()

.

= 3 .

1 1, , ,

, (. 2.61, ):

, .

:

ʗ ; . = 2/3, = exp(J2n/3).

Fm, .. \F\= Fm.

. 2.61. () ()

Fa, Fb, Fc F (. 2.61, 6) . 2.61, . , cocf F .

Zn- - (.. , 2rfm)

jc (.. ),

F; :

D ; Zn .

/0 = 60/ /Zn.

. . , , , '2, . , , . - (. 2.62), Rs, R'j (s) (2) ; , ' ;. :

.

. 2.62. -

, :

(2.40)

= Xsa + ' .

, 0, .

(2.41)

(2.42)

(2.41) (2.42) :

(2.43)

(2.43) , .

. (2.43) ( ). , ,

(2.43)

(2.44)

, (2.40) (2.44), , :

(2.45)

(2.45) dM/ds = 0 sK. :

(2.46)

(2.47) (2.48)

a = Rs/R'2.

, Rs = 0. = 0. Є > > 10 . (2.46)...(2.48), , :

(2.49) (2.50)

, , (2.45). : ( ). (0 = const) , , (2.43). : ; .

( ), . , , -

. , .

, . .

. , (2.50) . , = /. ,

R'a , .

= /(/) R'a. ( ; , ). , . 3...6 , . - . - .

2.4.2.

. Uc = const (. 2.63) (), Us = var Uy. , , - (). - - .

. 2.63.

. (. 2.64, ) - (VS1...S6) , . , , : . = 0 (. 2.64, ) . = ai > 0 Us, . . 2.64, ,

U\. (. 2.65, ).

 

. 2.64. () (, )

(. 2.65, ); .

, . Us , . 2.64, , ( , , ). , , ; . , (2.49), , . 0 = 2/ /Zn . sK (2.48)

. 2.65. :

;

. , . 2.66, , = const sK = 0,1...0,2, ^ , ( 1 2). , .

_._ ,

. 2. 66, , Mei, ,

. 2.66.

Mcl = const. , Mc2{s), , . , . ( !) , . sK, ( 3 4), ( 5 ), . 2.66. , f/d (. . 2.66), . 1, , , . (. 2.67), . /1 / ( 2). , 2. = 2 = const , 2 > / . ; 2 .

. 2.67.

. , . , . 2. 68, . VS1...VS6 , Uy .

. 2.68. () ()

(2.51)

U3 ; ; ( ).

U3 RP1. (2.51), , , Uy ( U3 = const), , . 1-2 (. . 2.67), - (. . 2.67) U3\...U^ .

, . 2.68, , . , - .

, () . (. 2.68, ): VS2, VS3 VS5 ; VS1, VS4, VS8 VS9 , . ( ) .

, , , . , . , , . ,

(, ). , .

2.4.3.

, . () , . .

, . 2.64. : . , () . .

. (. 2.69), Rao6 , . VS1, VS2. / , , Ra06, = /| / 1 0. ? ; .

= (1 - ).

. 2.69.

/ . , , . , , .. . , . 2.70, , Rao6 , VD1...VD6. , VS1, VS2, Lk0M VD7.

, VS1 VS2 /d . ; . RS. VS1 VS2 RaO6 /d -

(- Ld) /d] (. 2.70, ). . VS2 + - Ld - - VS2 - RS - "; (. 2.70, ). - . VS1 Ui /d , R Rm, zd0. VS1 - VS1 --VD7-LK0M -Ckom- , , + ( . 2.70, ). VD7 VS2.

/d2 (. 2.70, ), RS, VS2, , VS1, . + - Ld - - VS2 - RS - ", +, VS2 . VS1, (20...80 ). VS1 , 6 /d3, VS1. 2, VS1 VS2 , . 2.70, . . ..

. 2.70. :

; ;

VS2, /d cp , , . (. 2.70, ) , = 1 = 0.

. :

R, Rm Zd RS.

:

Kw ; R2 .

1, 2, 3 (. 2.70, ) . Uoc , . , .

VS1 . U3ap VD8 .

, .

2.4.4.

.

. , , , , .

, , , . . /0 (. . 2.62), &:

(2.52)

/s ; Ws ; .

(2.52) = 4,440^06, :

(2.53)

, /s %. , . /*, . (Rs = 0) , (2.49), , ( L^ L2a ):

(2.54)

, . , (2.54) Rs.

, .

MK /Me = * = const cooi

\, 1 cooi >02 . .. 1925 . :

(2.55)

= US/USHOM ; = 0/ = = Ifs ; , .

(2.55) , .

= const (2.55)

(2.56)

.. .

(2.55) = 2. , = Va.

(2.53) , , = const, a < 1, . 2.71. , , = . (2.56) a < 0,2 ( < 5 ) , (2.54). , , . . Rs .

( > 1) (2.56) , . Us = Us = const (. 2.71).

. 2.71.

. 2.72. , , , . (Uc, fc), . [/. , . , . .

. 2.72.

2.4.5.

: . - . , .., (). - . , ..

:

1) (); -;

2) .

.

( 2.73, ):

() 1 2, () 3 4 5 . (Uc,fc) Us fs. (), (). (. 2.73, , ) () (). , ( (2...5)103 ). ( ). - .

. 2.73. () (, )

Ld (. 2.73, ), . -

. , .

-. Uc .

(. 2.74) , ( ).

. 2.74. ( VS1...VS6 )

VS1...VS6 Ud , , . ; . = 120 . = 180 . =180 . . 1 2 , . 2.74, . , , ,

, VS1...VS6. , = + 0£Ud, VS1, = - 0,5£/- VS4. = 180 . . , 1, , , . 2.75. , . :

(2.57)

, + + = 0, (2.57) :

(2.58)

, (2.58) , .

VD1...VD6 , . 2.74, () . =120 . coscp . coscp < 0,558

, :

(. . 2.75), - (VD1...VD6), .

, . 2.75, =120 . = 150 . coscp, : coscp = 0 cosq> = l.

. 2.76, . a

. 2.75. = 180 .

. 2.76. () ()

VS7...VS12 ; --. VS1...VS6 L. VD7... VD12 . VS1...VS6, , . , VS1...VS6 1/3 , .. = 120 . . VS1, VS3, VS5 VS2, VS4, VS6 . , VS1 VS2. : Uj VS1Lї VD9 VS2-UdJ.no + ( ). VS3 (VS5 , VS2 ), + L VS1 VS3 ~ VS1 . Ua - VS3 - - L - VD7 - -VD8 VS2 Ud- , , +, VSI.

VS4. . (120 ., (. 2.76, ), 180 . ( ). , , .

. :

1) ;

2) ;

3) .

. , () . (, VS1 . 2.76, ), . 2.76, . VS1 VSK Ud VSK VD1 .. + VSK , / . VS1 (, ) +VSIVDKL" (ipa3p ). L , , . VS1. VSK, + VS1; , Ud . . , - , . . 2.76, , . , .

, , , , . / , . 2.77, . , . , 10 . . , ( . 2.76, ), . , . , , . - (), , (. 2.77, , ) . , , . (. 2.77, ), , . h ... ( = const 0 < /i <)- , , t\.

, . , (. 2.77, ). -

. 2.77. /

()

() ()

; . , , , 50 fs. ^ . , , .

. (. 2.78, ) , - (). , , . . 2.78, . VS1 VS2, VS3 , L1, Lrom . .

VS3 ^ VS3 ~LK0M ~Li Ed ( + )- VS1 VS2; ( L1), VS2 LK0M 0 ( ~LK0M ), + . VS1, VS3; VS1 + , , .

( 1 ), . ; VS3 VS1. , .

. 2.78. () ()

. 2.79, 1...6 VS1...VS6, VD1...VD6. , . 2.76, : . 2.73, , . , .. (, VS1 VS3,

vsb VS2 ..). , .

. 2.79.

() . , , (. 2.80).

, U1, VS1...VS6 , (VS1...VS3) , (VS4...VS6) . , .

. VS1...VS3 t\, h, h (. 2.81, ) 2,

TV (. . 2.80, 2.81, ). , VS1, (VS2), VS1 , VS2. , . , , , . 2.81, , VS1...VS3. VS1...VS3 VS6, VS4 VS5 t5, k, , . 2 , VS1...VS3, .. . (U, t2, h ..), (. 2.81, ).

(2.59)

/71 _ ; .

. 2.81 , , fc,

= 0,1, 2,3,... .

. 2.81. () ( - )

(2.60)

(2.60) , /s ./, (+1) \ . /s . /s .

, , . - : VS1...VS3 , VS4...VS6 . , . 4, 5 . , .

/s.

(2.59), . . 2.81, , . 2.81, , 2 > ^

- . /s , /c//s. - .

, /s, ( ), /.

, . , .

2.4.6.

(. . 2.4.4), () . (Us,fH0M) , - . , , . , ( ), , .

. (, ). , . ()- (. 2.82, ), UyM , £4. (). . 2.82, Uy.4, UyM; £/. Uc.4- , : ,

. 2.82.

()

()

, , .

, , . 2.82, , .

, . 2.82, , . ( ) . , , SJ ( . 2.82, ), U3M. , /s . 2.82, . .

(. 2.83, ) VS1...VS6 (. . 2.79) /s, , U. : 1) , (), (), (RS) ; 2) , (PC), (BR), () ( ) (). ,

(2.61)

2 .

(2.61) , f/oc, £/32 ( 2 = < - ). . PC. PC U- U3i , / = (..0,5)/shom





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