HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O
:
pH = lg[H+] = lgCo(HCl)
. .: ( , )
pH = lg[H+]. = lgC(HCl)
. .:
= 7
. .: ( , )
pH = 14 + lg[H]. = 14 + lg(NaOH)
NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O
:
pH = 14 + lg[OH] = 14 + lg0(NaOH)
. .: ( , )
pH = 14 + lg[OH]. = 14 + lg(NaOH)
. .: , = 7
. .: ( , )
pH = lg[H+]. = lgC(HCl)
c
CH3COOH + NaOH = CH3COONa + H2O
( ): CH3COOH
. .: CH3COOH CH3COONa ()
. .: CH3COONa
! pH > 7
. .: CH3COONa NaOH ( ):
pH = 14 + lg[H] = 14 + lg(NaOH)
:
> 10-7 10-8 (pK < 7-8)
c
NH4OH + HCl = NH4Cl + H2O
: NH4OH
. .: NH4OH NH4Cl ()
. .: NH4Cl
! < 7
. .: NH4Cl HCl ( ):
pH = lg[H+] = lgC(HCl)
,
KCN + HCl = HCN + KCl
: KCN
. .: KCN HCN ()
. .: HCN
! < 7
. .: HCN HCl ( ):
pH = lg[H+] = lgC(HCl)
:
( , )
= 14 -
> 10-7 10-8 (pK < 7-8)
:
|
|
1. (H3PO4, H2SO3 .)
2. (H22O4, H2SO4 .)
1) :
> 10-7 10-8 (pK < 7-8)
:
> 10-7 10-8 Þ
< 10-7 10-8 Þ
2) : (D ³ 4)
Þ I II . . ,
Þ
, H3O4: 1 = 7,110-3; 2 = 6,210-8; 3 = 5,010-13