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1.1
, . | |
GSM/UMTS/LTE | |
UMTS (WCDMA) | |
CDMA2000 | |
LTE |
, , . (. 1.2).
.1.2.
PAN (Personal Area Network). PAN IEEE 802.15.1(Bluetooth). WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi). MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX). , , , GSM, , . :
- ;
- ;
- .
3 4 .
.
(OSI ‒ open systems interconnection basic reference model), . 2.1.
OSI | ||
(layer) | ||
7. (application) | ||
6. (presentation) | ||
5. (session) | ||
4. (transport) | ||
/ | 3. (network) | ( ) |
2. (data link) | . | |
1. (physical) | . , |
. 2.1.
|
|
. . . . 46 ‒ 1500 .
2 :
- L3 ( -),
- L4 ( UDP ) . 2.2.
IP | TCP/UDP |
. 2.2.
L3 ( ) : . L3 . L4 (), . 2 :
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol) ,
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) .
UDP/IP. ( ), TCP/IP. , L3. L3 , (). L1 L2.