(). , () (R A) , ( R A=0). , U A= R A∙ I =0. .
(V). , (R V) , , ( R V=¥, , I V=0). , .
7.
: =120 , R1=10 , R2= R3= R5=25 , R4=50 (. 8).
: 1, 2, 3, V1, V2.
.
(1, 2, 3 V1, V2) .
a, b, b¢, c, d, f, , g, h (. . 8).
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. 8. . 8.
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. 8. . 8.
. 8 b f , , .
, g, h , . a, b¢, c, d ( ), , I V1=0, I V2=0.
I 1, I 2, I 3, ( . 8).
R 2, R 4 R 3, R 5 R 24 R 35:
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R 24 = R 2 + R 4 = 25+50=75 .
R 35 = R 3 + R 5 =25+25=50 .
(. 8) (. 8).
R 24 R 35 R 2435 :
(. 8) (. 8).
:
R = R 1 + R 2435 = 10+30=40 .
, (. 8) (. 8).
I 1 (. 8), 1 (. 8):
2 3 I 2 I 3 (. 8):
,
(. 8).
Uab (. 8), V1 (. 8):
V2 dbd, R 2, R 3 V2 (. 8):
- , ( . 8 ). () d c Þ Udc = 15 ( . 8 ).
[1], . [1], , . V2 =15 .
V2 : jB =0, jd = jB R 2× I 2 = 0 25×1,2 = 30 B,
j = jB R 3× I 3 = 0 25×1,8 = 45 B,
V2 = Udc= jd jC = 30 ( 45) = 15 .
. , ( + -). , jd jB R 2, j jB R 3.
:
360 =360 .
8.
: =110 , R1=21 , R2=40 , R3=20 , R4=60 , R5=20 .(. 9)
: 1, 2, V1, V2.
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. 9. . 9.
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. 9. . 9.
.
(1, 2, V1, V2) .
a, b, b¢, c, d, f, , g (. . 9).
. 9 b, c, d, f , , . , . a, b¢, d, g ( ), , I V1=0, I V2=0.
j jd, 2 . (. . 9).
I 1, I 2, I 3, I 4, I 5 ( . 9 9).
R 2, R 4 R 3, R 5 R 24 R 35:
(. 9) (. 9).
:
R = R 1 + R 24+ R 35 = 21+24+10 = 55 .
, (. 9) (. 9).
I 1 (. 9), 1 (. 9):
I 2 I 4 (. 9):
,
(. 9).
I 3 I 5 (. 9):
,
(. 9).
Udf V2.
Uab (. 9), V1 (. 9):
2 d, (. 9):
- , I A2 ( . 9 ). () d ( . 9 ).
[1], . [1], , . 2 =0,2 .
:
220 =220 .
9.
: =220 , R1=10 , R2=40 , R3=60 , R4=20 , R5=6 .(. 9)
: 1, 2, V1, V2.
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. 10. . 10.
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. 10. . 10. . 10.
.
(1, 2, V1, V2) .
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a, b, c, d, f, , g (. . 10).
. 10 b, c, , , . , g, , . d, f ( ), , I V1=0, I V2=0.
j jd, 2 . 2 (. . 10 10).
I V1 R 5 , , Udg = U V2 = R 4× I V1 =20×0= 0 (. 10).
V2 , R 4 (. . 10).
I 1, I 2, I 3, I 5 ( . 10 10).
d f ( d R2 I A2; f R 5 , . . 10). , I 2 = I A2, I 1 = I 5 (. 10).
R 2, R 3, R 23:
(. 10) (. 10).
:
R = R 1 + R 23+ R 5 = 10+24+6 = 40 .
, (. 10) (. 10).
I 1 (. 10), 1 (. 10):
I 2 I 3 (. 10 10):
,
(. 10).
2 I 2 = I A2 = 3,3 A.
Uf (. 10), Ugf (. 10) V1 (. 10):
:
1210 = 1210 .
10.
: 1=100 , 2=150 , E3=60 B, UAD=50 B, UHD=110 B, R1=30 ,
R2=20 , R3=100 (. 11).
: .
. 11.
.
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H (. . 11).
. 11 A, D, E, H , , . B, C , , R 1, E 1, R 2 . G, H , , E 2, R 3, 3 .
I 1, I 2, I ( . 11).
I 1 AD, .. 1:
- + , , -.
I 2 D:
- - , I 2 ( . 11 ). () I 2 D ( . 11 ).
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I A D :
, 5 .
11.
: 1=100 , 2=150 , E3=330 B, R1=30 , R2=20 , R3=100 ,
R4=20 , I1 = 3 A, I2 = 4 A (. 12).
: V, KHFGDCBAK.
. 12.
.
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K (. . 12).
. 12 A, D, E, K , , . B, C , , R1, R2, E1 . G, F, H , , E2, R3, 3, R4 .
D:
, 1 .
UAD AD:
UKD KD:
- , UKD ( . 12 ). () UD D ( . 12 ).
V , KHFGDCBAK . , V KD DA .
UAK = UV, , 550 .
V :
jD=0, jC = jD + E1,
jB = jC + R2× I1 = jD + E1 + R2× I1,
jA = jB + R1× I1 = jD + E1 + R2× I1+ R1× I1=0+100+20×3+30×3=250 B,
jD=0, jG = jD E2,
jF = jG R3× I2 = jD E2 R3× I2,
jH = jF + E3 = jD E2 R3× I2 + E3,
jK = jH R4× I2 = jD E2 R3× I2 + E3 R4× I2 =0150100×4+33020×4=300 B.
, V :
UAK= jA jK = 250 ( 300) = 550 .
. - j(R). KHFGDCBAK. , () .
jK=0, jH = jK + R4× I2 =0+20×4=80 B,
jF = jH E3 =80 330 = 250 B,
jG = jF + R3× I2 = 250 + 100×4 = 150 B,
jD = jG + E2 = 150 + 150 = 300 B,
j = jD + E1 = 300 +100 = 400 B,
jB = jC + R2× I1 = 400 + 20×3 = 460 B,
jA = jB + R1× I1 =460 + 30×3 = 550 B,
jK = jA UAK = 550 550 = 0 B.
1. +, , ( - + - ). -.
2. +, . -.
( 13).
. 13.
3. R4, R3, R2, R1 , .
a1, a2 (jK-jH), (jC-jA) I1 I2, :
tg a1 ~
tg a2 ~
, I2 I1 a2 a1.
2. ()
, .
, , , .. I11, I22 ..
() , . . , () I1, I2 ..
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.
12.
: 1=150 , 2=50 , 3=120 , 4=20 , 5=150 , R1=9 ,
R2=4 , R3=7 , R4=1 , R5=3 , R6=3 , R7=2 . (. 14)
: , .
. 14.
.
I1, I2, I3. (1,11,10,2,3,4,5,6,1) (1,7,8,9,2,10,11,1), , I11, I22. , , (. . 14).
I11, I22, .
I11 +:
I22, 2,10,11,1 , -: .
.
:
I 11 I 22 I 1 I 2 (. . 14).
. .
, I 1= I 11=-1 , I 2= I 22=5 .
- I 1 , . I 1 .
I 3 1:
:
3456178923.
φ3=0, φ4= φ3+ R2 I1 = 0+41=4 ,
φ5= φ4+ 1 = 4+150=154 ,
φ6= φ5+ R1 I1 = 154+91=163 ,
φ1= φ6 2 = 163 50=113 ,
φ7= φ1 R4 I2 = 113 15=108 ,
φ8= φ7 3 = 108 120= 12 ,
φ9= φ8 R5 I2 = 12 35= 27 ,
φ2= φ9+ 4 = 27+20= 7 ,
φ3= φ2+ R3 I1 = 7+71=0 .
(. 15):
. 15
3.
(.. ). :
,
Gi, Gj ,
Gj×Ei , +, 1, -.
(. 10).
. , (. 12).
.
1 2:
I1, I2, I3 :
I 1 , . I 1 .
: , .
4.
13
: 2 2=60 R2=3 (. 16). 1 (. 16).
: 1. ,
2. 1 2.
. 16 . . 16.
.
, , f, d, b, e (. 16). , , I. :
(1)
(1) 2 R2 , 1 R1 1, :
(2) .*
(2) I = 0, Uab = E1 . 16
Uab = E1= 100 . , 1 .
(2) Uab = 0, I = I . 16
I = I = 50 . E1 , . (2) (3): (3)
1 R1 (1) :
8 .
. 16 2 I 2 , 1 I 1 , 2 c-d (4):
(4)
1 a-b (2).
* (2), (. 11,12).
j jb (5):
(5)
j j (6):
(6)
(5) (6), :
14
: =220 R= 1 ;
R= 21 (. 17).
: 1. V . 2. PMAX, .
. 17
.
1. I . , ( ), V1 V2 , :
V3 :
, , , I, :
, , , V1, V2 V3 , :
2. , MAX , . R΄, R , R΄= R, (1).
(1) R :
- MAX(R) [. ].
, :
,
(3) (2) : [. ], :
:
.
(1),
R =21 R΄= R=1 I, :
, , :
, R =21 :
, ,
, .
() , , η=50%.
. :
- ,
, ,
;
- ,
.
R =21 , =2,1 , (. 7),
,
R΄= 1 , MAX=12,1 , (. 6),
,
50% , , , :
.