- , , , 2. - , , , OF2.
- " + " (. ). , , , .
| CO | (II) | Fe2O3 | (III) |
| NO | (II) | CrO3 | (VI) |
| Al2O3 | ZnO | ||
| N2O5 | (V) | Mn2O7 | (VII) |
: (, , ) .
| I, II | V-VII Me | ZnO,BeO,Al2O3, Fe2O3, Cr2O3 | > II | I, II CO, NO, N2O |
1). , . 1 2 , I II ( ZnO - BeO ):
2). , . ( ), V VII (, CrO3- (VI), Mn 2O7 - (VII)):
3). , . III, IV, (, BeO, ZnO, Al2O3, Cr2O3).
4). . I II (,N2O, NO, CO).
: .
, :
CrO (II - );
Cr 2O3 (III - );
CrO3 (VII - ).
| 1. + = (. ) CaO + SO2 = CaSO3 2. + = + 2 (. ) 3K2O + 2H3PO4 = 2K3PO4 + 3H2O 3. + = ٸ (. ) Na2O + H2O = 2NaOH |
| 1. + = (. ) O2 + H2O = H2CO3, SiO2 2. + = + 2 (. ) P2O5 + 6KOH = 2K3PO4 + 3H2O 3. + = (. ) CaO + SO2 = CaSO3 4. CaCO3 + SiO2 = CaSiO3 +CO2 |
| , . ZnO + 2 HCl = ZnCl2 + H2O ZnO + 2 NaOH + H2O = Na2[Zn(OH)4] ( ) ZnO + 2 NaOH = Na2ZnO2 + H2O ( ) |
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, :
SO3 + H2O = H2SO4
CaO + H2O = Ca(OH)2
. , H2SO4 , ()2 ..
, . , ZnO , ( ). ZnO , , , . , . .
(IV) TiO2. . TiO2 , , . . .
(III) Cr2O3 - , . Cr2O3 () . ( ) , , .
(III) (, ). , , .
ó −, . :
NaOH - , LiOH - , Ba(OH)2 - ,
Cu(OH)2 - (II), La(OH)3 - (III).
( , ), :
Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 = CaSO4 + 2H2O
Ca(OH)2 + 2H2SO4 = Ca(HSO4)2 + 2H2O
2Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 = Ca2SO4(OH)2 + 2H2O
́ (́, ) , -OH. ; . , , .
, , , :
() +1, +2, (, Ca()2, KOH, NaOH .) -OH.
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( ) +5, +6, (, HNO3, H2SO4, H2SO3 .) .
, +3, +4 +2, . , (, Al()3, Zn()2).
. .
[ | -]
[ | -]
ë , ë:
{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Na_{2}O+H_{2}O\rightarrow 2NaOH}}} 
{\displaystyle {\mathsf {CaO+H_{2}O\rightarrow Ca(OH)_{2}}}}
, , , :
{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Fe(OH)_{3}\rightarrow Fe_{2}O_{3}+3H_{2}O}}}
{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Cu(OH)_{2}\rightarrow CuO+H_{2}O}}}
[ | -]
:
{\displaystyle {\mathsf {SO_{3}+H_{2}O\rightarrow H_{2}SO_{4}}}}
15. (. Hydrogenium), H, , ; 1,0079. - ; , .
. 16 17 . 1766 . , " ". , , . 1783 . , 1787 " " () hydrogene ( . hydor - gennao - ), " "; (, , ). "" . . 1824 .
. , ( ) 1%, 16%. - (11,19% ), , , , , , ( , , , ). , . (0,0001% ) . ("") . . , . 2, 4, NH3, 2, CH, NH, OH, SiH, PH . . .
, . 2 : , (1H), , (2, D). 1 2 6800 1. 3 , (3, ), β- T½ = 12,262 . , , ; (410-15% ). 4. 1, 2, 3 4, 1, 2, 3 4, , , - , - 2 , 4 - 3 . , .
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: . ( ) 13,595 . , - ( ) 0,78 . , , . , .
2 , . ( ) 4,776 . 0,7414Å. ( 2000 0,0013, 5000 0,95). (, Zn ). , 2.
. - ( 14,4 ), 0,0899 / 0 1 . () () -252,8 -259,1 ( ). (-240), ; 12,8 /2 (12,8 ), 0,0312 /3. , 0 1 0,174 /(), 4,1610-4 /(췰). 0 1 p 14,208 /(), 3,394 /(㷰). (0,0182 / 20 1 ), - (Ni, Pt, Pa ), (850 1 Pd). ; (, ) ( ). ( -253 0,0708 /3) ( -253 13,8 ).
. (, ) +1, ; , I . ( -1), Na+H- Na+Cl-. ( , ) VII . , ( , ). . . :
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2 + 1/22 = 2
285,937 /, 68,3174 / ( 25 1 ). , 550 - . - ( ) 4 94% 2, - - 4 74% 2 ( 2 2 1 2 ). , :
CuO + H2 = Cu + H2O,
Fe3O4 + 4H2 = 3Fe + 42, . .
, :
2 + Cl2 = 2l.
( - 252), , . :
2 + N2 = 2N3
pax . :
2 + S = H2S (),
. pax:
22 + () = 4 ().
(, ), :
2 + 2Li = 2LiH.
(II), , , , 3 . , , :
n2n + 2 = n2n+2.
. . , .
. - , . ( ). , , ():
4 + H2 = + 2,
:
4 + 1/22 = + 22
(II) :
+ 2 = 2 + 2.
, , .
, , , . , NaOH ( ). , . .
. 18 . , . , , (II). , , HCl, , - ( 2800) - ( 4000). - .
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