, - . , 1 0,2 , :
[H3O+]=0,2
[Cl-]=0,2
:
HCl - ;
HBr - ;
HI - ;
HNO3 - ;
HClO4 - ;
H2SO4 - .
( ), , , ; , .
, - -.
, - , . , NaOH 2 / :
NaOH → Na++OH-
[Na+]=2 /
[OH-]=2 /
13. ́ - ́ ́, (. redox, reduction-oxidation - ) - , 2- , ( ), ...
"- () , ".
, , - ( RedOx - Reduction/Oxidation), - , .. , .
- - , , .
Eh - 400 + 700 , . , .
, :
1. . h > + (100 - 150) , , (Fe3+, Mo6+, As5-, V5+, U6+, Sr4+, Cu2+, Pb2+). , .
2. -. h 0 + 100 , . , ;
|
|
3. . h < 0. , (Fe2+, Mn2+, Mo4+, V4+, U4+), .
- . (, ) . , . -.
, - , , - . - [1].
. ( ) . , , . , , .
{\displaystyle E=E^{0}+{\frac {RT}{nF}}\ln {\frac {a_{\rm {Ox}}}{a_{\rm {Red}}}}}
,
{\displaystyle \ E} , {\displaystyle E^{0}} , ;
{\displaystyle \ R} , 8.31 /(K);
{\displaystyle \ T} ;
{\displaystyle \ F} , 96485,35 −1;
{\displaystyle \ n} , ;
{\displaystyle \ {a_{\rm {Ox}}}} {\displaystyle \ {a_{\rm {Red}}}} , .
{\displaystyle R} {\displaystyle F} , {\displaystyle T=298{\rm {K}}}
{\displaystyle E=E^{0}+{\frac {0,0592}{n}}\lg {\frac {a_{\rm {Ox}}}{a_{\rm {Red}}}}}