3
, /3 | ,/( ) | ||
I . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. . 1. - 2. - 1. - 2. - 3. (250380219) 4. 5. һ 6. 7. 50 III 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. IV 1. 2. | 1,92 1.74 0.67 0.44 0.33 0.27 0.19 0.52 0.44 0.35 0.76 0.70 0.70 0.76 0,16 0,30 0.30 3.49 0.294 0.07 0.041 0.05 0.041 0.04 0.035 0,031 0.35 0.17 | 2.04 1.86 0.79 0.50 0.38 0.33 0.23 0.58 0.50 0.41 0.93 0.81 0.81 0.87 0,16 0.50 0.30 3.49 0.294 0.076 0.05 0.05 0.041 0.04 0.035 0,031 0.41 0.17 |
, /* | |
0,47 | |
() | 0,35 |
0,15 | |
1.76 | |
0,35 | |
0,72 | |
0,8 | |
0,23 | |
1,3 | |
0,7 | |
1,4 | |
1,75 | |
0,18 | |
0,47 | |
0,14 | |
0,045 | |
0,055 | |
0,055 | |
0,1 | |
0,045 | |
0,35 | |
2,33 | |
() | 0,93 |
, | 3,5 |
10% | 1,75 |
20% | 2,1 |
1,16 | |
0,4 | |
1,05 | |
0,3 | |
0,15 | |
0,15 | |
0,2 | |
- | 0,2 |
1,7 | |
0,15 | |
1,7 | |
- | 0,87 |
0,47 | |
( ) | 0,038 |
1,4 | |
0,13 | |
-1 | 0,04 |
0,03 | |
0,042 | |
0,055 | |
0,2 | |
0,15 | |
0,44 | |
0,81 | |
0,67 | |
0,58 | |
0,07 | |
0 −20 −60 | 2.21 2.44 2.91 |
, , , (15% ) | 0,15 |
0,085 | |
0,095 | |
0,065 | |
0,19 | |
0,3 | |
-1 | 0,037 |
-4 | 0,04 |
-1 | 0,05 |
0,045 | |
- | 0,04 |
- | 0,04 |
0,035 | |
0,025 | |
0,06 | |
0,08 | |
0,17 | |
0,05 | |
- | 0,08 |
0% 10% 20% | 0.33 0.97 1.33 |
1,5 | |
-2 | 0,036 |
0,082 | |
0,04 | |
0,47 | |
0,043 | |
0,035 | |
0,05 | |
0,15 | |
0,17 | |
2,1 | |
1,5 | |
, , (450550 /., 15% ) | 0,15 |
(600750 /., 15% ) | 0,23 |
1,15 | |
0,05 | |
0,036 | |
0,3 | |
0,12 | |
0,25 | |
0,23 | |
1,92 | |
- | 1,2 |
0,15 | |
0,29 | |
0,6 | |
0,21 | |
0,9 | |
0,16 | |
0,03 |
|
|
. ____________
1) .
- 23-02-2003 1 .
.
- 23-02-2003. , ____________ ________________ .
- 2 23-02-2003 (* .1) (* . )
____ .__________.
Ro Rred, .
2) Dd, o
Dd = (tint tht)×Zht, (1)
[ 23-02-2003]
tint ,
30494, o :
tint = 20 o;
|
|
tint = 22o.
tht, Zht , o,
, .,
23-01
8 oC.
. _____________
tint= 20 o;
tht = - __ o;
Zht= ______ .
Dd = { __ (- __)}× ____ = _____ .o.
3) Rred, 2 / .,
R red = a Dd +b, (2)
[H 23-02-2003]
Dd - , oC.,
;
a, b ,
4
6.
Rred = 0,00035× ______ +1,4 = ______ 2 0/
Rred. =0,00045×______ +1,9 = ______ 2 0/
Rred. = 0,0005 × ______ + 2,2 = ______ 2 0/
4) () R, 2/
R = Rsi+ Rk+ Rse; (3)
[ 23-101-2004]
Rsi=1/aint;
aint;
7
23-02-2003, /2;
R ,
2 /, : ()
(5);
Rse=1/aext;
aext
8 . 16;
Rk
Rk = R1 + R2 +/ Rn,
R1, R2; Rn 2*/m
5) () R, 2/
Rk = δ/λ, (4)
δ , ;
λ ,
/(), 3*
) R (4)
, - :
ɣ= 1800/3;
:
λ= 0,76 /(); ( )
=200 /3, ,07 /( C)
(1) -
(δ=,ɣ=1600/3,λ=/ )
(2)
(δ=,ɣ=1800/3, λ =/ )
(3)
(ɣ= 200/3λ =/ )
(4) -
(δ=,ɣ=1800/3,λ =/ )
1
1
δ, | λ, / | R= δ/λ 2/ | |
1.- ɣ=1600/3 | |||
2. ɣ=1800/3 | |||
3. ɣ= 200 /3 | |||
4.- ɣ = 1800 /3 |
αint = 8,7 /(2);
αext = 23 /(2)
Ro =1/8,7 + δ1/λ 1+ δ2/λ2 + /λ3 + δ4/λ4 + 1/23;
R = ________________________________________________________
|
|
, Ro = Rred., Rred.= ______2/,
Rred =_______+ /λ3;
/λ3= _____ -_______;
/λ3= _____;
= _____ *λ3;
= ______
_____ . ________
( )
) R (4)
, - :
ɣ=1800/3;
:
λ= 0,76 /();
ɣ =40 /3, λ=0,035 /(C)
(1) -
(δ=25,ɣ= 1600/3,λ =0,76 / )
(2)
(δ=, ɣ= 1800/3λ = /)
(3)
(ɣ = 40/3,λ =0,035 /)
(4) -
(δ=25, ɣ= 1800 /3,λ =).76/)
1
1
δ, | λ,/ | R=δ/λ 2/ | |
1.- ɣ = 1600 /3 | |||
2. ɣ= 1800/3 | |||
3. ɣ= 40 /3 | |||
4.- ɣ= 1800/3 |
αint= 8,7 /(2);
αext = 23 /(2)
Ro =1/8,7 + δ1/λ 1+ δ2/λ2 + /λ3 + δ4/λ4 + 1/23;
Ro =1/8,7 + ____ + _____+ /0,035 + ______ + 1/23;
R = ________+ /0,035
, Ro = Rred., Rred.= ______2/,
____ = ______ + /0,035;
/0,035 = _____ - _________;
/0,035 = _____;
= _____ 0,035;
= ______
_____ .
()
) R (4)
, - :
ɣ=1800/3;
:
λ= 0,87 /()
ɣ =40 /3, λ=0,035 /(C)
(1) -
(δ=25,ɣ= 1600/3,λ =0,81/ )
(2)
(δ=, ɣ= 1800/3λ = 0,87 /)
(3)
(ɣ = 40/3,λ =0,035 /)
(4) -
(δ=25, ɣ= 1800 /3;;,λ = 0,93/)
δ=4.5 ( )
1
1
δ, | λ,/ | R=δ/λ 2/ | |
1.- ɣ = 1600 /3 | |||
2. ɣ= 1800/3 | |||
3. ɣ= 40 /3 | |||
4.- ɣ= 1800/3 |
αint= 8,7 /(2);
|
|
αext = 23 /(2
Ro =1/8,7 + _____ + ______ + /0,035 + ______ + 1/23;
R = ______+ /0,035
, Ro = Rred., Rred.= ______2/,
____ = _______ + /0,035;
/0,035 = _____ - ________;
/0,035 = _____;
= _____ 0,035;
= ______
_____ .
) R (4)
, - :
ɣ= 1800/3;
:
λ= 0,___ /();
ɣ =40 /3, λ= 0,___ /(C)
(1) - (δ=25,ɣ= 1600/3,λ = 0,70 / )
(2)
(δ= 640, ɣ= 1800/3λ = 0,76/)
(3)
(ɣ = 40/3,λ =0,035 /)
(4) -
(δ=40, ɣ= 1800 /3,λ = 0.76 /)
1
1
δ, | λ,/ | R= δ/ λ 2/ | |
1.- ɣ = 1600 /3 | 0,03 | ||
2. ɣ= 1800/3 | |||
3. ɣ = 40/3 | |||
4.- ɣ= 1800 /3 | 0,03 | ||
: | _____+/0,041 |
αint= 8,7 /(2);
αext = 23 /(2
Ro =1/ 8,7 + ____+ ____ + /____ + _____ + 1/23=
= 0,115+_______+/_____ +0,043=
R = ______+ /_____
, Ro = Rred., Rred.= _____2/,
____ = _____+ /____;
/______ = ____ - ______;
/______ =____;
= ___ _____;
= ____
___ .
()
) R (4)
, - :
ɣ=1800/3;
:
λ= 0,87 /()
ɣ =40 /3, λ=0,035 /(C)
(1) -
(δ=25,ɣ= 1600/3,λ =0,81/ )
(2)
(δ= 250 (380) , ɣ= 1800/3λ = 0,87 /)
(3)
(ɣ = 40/3:,λ =0,035 /)
(4)
(δ= 120 , ɣ= 1800/3λ = 0,87 /)
λ = 0,87 /) ( )
1
1
δ, | λ,/ | R=δ/λ 2/ | |
1.- ɣ = 1600 /3 | |||
2. ɣ= 1800/3 | |||
3. ɣ= 40 /3 | |||
4. ɣ= 1800/3 |
αint= 8,7 /(2);
αext = 23 /(2
Ro =1/8,7 + ______ + _____+ /0,035 + _______ + 1/23;
R = _______+ /0,035
, Ro = Rred., Rred.= ______2/,
____ = _______ + /0,035;
/0,035 = _____ - _______;
/0,035 = _____;
= _____ 0,035;
= ______
_____ .
______________________
|
|
) R (4)
, __________ - :
g = _______/3;
:
l = ______ /();
________________________ g =___ /3, l =____/( C)
(1) -
(d =25 , go= /3, l = /)
(2) ________________
(d = 640, go = 1800 /3, l = ______ /)
(3)
(go = /3,l = /)
(4) -
(d = 40 , go = 1800 /3,l = /)
1
1
d, | l,/ | R=d/l 2/ | |
1.- go =1600 /3 | 0,03 | 0,70 | 0,04 |
2. go =1800 /3 | 0,51 | 0,76 | 0,67 |
3. go = 40 /3 | 0,041 | /0,041 | |
4.- go = 1800 /3 | 0,04 | 0,76 | 0,05 |
: | 0,76+/0,041 |
aint = 8,7 /( 2 );
aext = 23 /( 2)
Ro =1/8,7 + 0,04 + 0,67 + /0,041 + 0,05 + 1/23=
= 0,115+0,04+0,67+/0,041+0,05+0,043=
R = 0,918+ /0,041
, Ro = Rred., Rred.= _____2/,
____ = 0,918 + /0,041;
/0,041 = ____ - 1,083;
/0,041 =____;
= ___ 0,041;
= ____
__________ ___ .
Ro . (4)
(1) \ (d =220, go = 2500 /3;
l =1,92/()_______________________________
(2) _________________
(3)
(go =200 /3, l = 0,07 /()________
(4)-
(d =40 , go =1800 /3, l = 0,76 /())
2
2
d, | l, /() | R=d/l 2/ | |
1. go =2500 /3 | 0,22 | 1,92 | 0,11 |
2. go = 200 /3 | 0,07 | / 0,076 | |
3. - go = 1800 /3 | 0,04 | 0,76 | 0,05 |
: | 0,16+/0,076 |
aint = 8,7/(2);
aht = 12 /(2)
Ro .=1/8,7 + 0,16 + /0,07 + 1/12;
Ro = Rred, Rred..= ____ 2/,
_____ = 0,35 + /0,076;
/0,07 = ____ 0,35;
/0,07 =____
= ____ 0,07;
= ______
____ .