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About Zika
What we know
Zika is spread mostly by the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus). These mosquitoes bite during the day and night.
Zika can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus. Infection during pregnancy can cause certain birth defects.
There is no vaccine or medicine for Zika.
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Local mosquito-borne Zika virus transmission has been reported in the continental United States. Learn more.
How Zika spreads
Zika can be transmitted through
Mosquito bites
From a pregnant woman to her fetus
Blood transfusion (very likely but not confirmed)
Zika symptoms
most common symptoms
Many people infected with Zika virus wont have symptoms or will only have mild symptoms. The most common symptoms of Zika are
Fever
Rash
Joint pain
Conjunctivitis (red eyes)
Other symptoms include:
Muscle pain
Headache
Symptoms can last for several days to a week. People usually dont get sick enough to go to the hospital, and they very rarely die of Zika. Once a person has been infected with Zika, they are likely to be protected from future infections.
History of Zika
Zika virus was first discovered in 1947 and is named after the Zika Forest in Uganda. In 1952, the first human cases of Zika were detected and since then, outbreaks of Zika have been reported in tropical Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Zika outbreaks have probably occurred in many locations. Before 2007, at least 14 cases of Zika had been documented, although other cases were likely to have occurred and were not reported. Because the symptoms of Zika are similar to those of many other diseases, many cases may not have been recognized.
How Zika is diagnosed
Diagnosis of Zika is based on a persons recent travel history, symptoms, and test results.
A blood or urine test can confirm a Zika infection.
Symptoms of Zika are similar to other illnesses spread through mosquito bites, like dengue and chikungunya.
Your doctor or other healthcare provider may order tests to look for several types of infections.
How to prevent Zika
There is no vaccine to prevent Zika. The best way to prevent diseases spread by mosquitoes is to protect yourself and your family from mosquito bites. Heres how
Clothing
Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants.
Treat your clothing and gear with permethrin or buy pre-treated items.
Insect repellent
Use Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellents with one of the following active ingredients:
DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol, or 2-undecanone. Always follow the product label instructions.
When used as directed, these insect repellents are proven safe and effective even for pregnant and breastfeeding women.
Do not use insect repellents on babies younger than 2 months old.
Do not use products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol on children younger than 3 years old.
At Home
Stay in places with air conditioning and window and door screens to keep mosquitoes outside.
Take steps to control mosquitoes inside and outside your home.
Mosquito netting can be used to cover babies younger than 2 months old in carriers, strollers, or cribs.
Sleep under a mosquito bed net if air conditioned or screened rooms are not available or if sleeping outdoors.
Sexual transmission
Prevent sexual transmission of Zika by using condoms or not having sex.
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