1. , .
, .
, .
.
.
a + b = b + a (4 + 2 = 2 + 4)
, .
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c) = (a + c) + b
(2 + 4) + 8 = 2 + (4 + 8) = (2 + 8) + 4
3. .
2 + 2 + 2 = 2 3 = 6
2 ;
3 , , 2.
a ∙ 1 = a 1 ∙ a = a 0 ∙ a = 0 a ∙ 0 = 0
4 ∙ 1 = 4 1 ∙ 4 = 4 0 ∙ 6 = 0 6 ∙ 0 = 0
.
a b = b a 2 5 = 5 2
, . (a b) c = a (b c) = (a c) b
(2 5) 3 = 2 (5 3) = (2 3) 5
.
(a + b + c) d = a d + b d + c d
, , .
(a b) c = a c b c
4. , .
6:2=3
a: 1 = a 0: a = 0 a: a = 1
8: 1 = 8 0: 8 = 0 8: 8 = 1
!
, , .
(a + b): c = a: c + b: c
, , .
(a b): c = a: c b: c
.
(a b): c = (a: c) b = a (b: c)
, .
a: (b: c) = (a: b) c
, . , .
(a: b): c = a: (b c) (a: b): c = (a: c): b
5.:
5.1. ,
|
|
*3=6 =6:3
5.2. , . 6: = 2 = 6: 2
, .
: 2 = 3 = 3 2
5.3. ,
+2=6 =6-2
5.4. ,
-2=6 =6+2
5.5. ,
3+=9 =9-3
5.6. :
6: = 2
= 6: 2
=3
6:3=2
: =3
1 = 10
1 = 10
1 = 10 = 100 = 1000
1 = 1000 = 10 000 = 100 000
1 = 1000
1 = 100
1 = 10 = 1000
1 = 60 1 = 60 = 3600
1 = 24
1 = 7
1 = 30 31 ( 28 29 )
1 = 12 = 52 = 365 366
1 () = 100
7.1. , , , ( ).
1 2
70 26 + 10 = 54
7.2. , , , .
1 2
36: 9 3 = 12
7.3. , .
2 1
80 (46 14) = 48
2 1
6 (30 20) = 60
2 1
90: (2 5) = 9
7.4. , ( +, ,,:), , .
1 3 1
6 5 + 40: 2 = 50
2 1 3
72 24: 6 + 2 = 70
8.1. | 8.2. |