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1. .., .. : . . .: . ., 1989. 479.
2. .. , .. _ : . :1998. 155 .( )
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(). . . 358 583 , .
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q - : , ak (, ), , 0≤ak<q, xq = (anan-1... a0 , a-1 a-2... a-m)q= an*qn + an-1*qn-1 +..+a0*q0 +a-1*q -1 +a-2*q-2 +...+ a-m*q-m
, 10, 10:
xq = (anan-1...a0 , a-1a-2... a-m)q= an*10n + an-1*10n-1 +.....+a0*100 +a-1*10 -1 +a-2*10-2 +...+ a-m*10-m
: 130678=1105+3104+0103+6102+7101+8100
10 , - ( , ).
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, , . , , , . .
I | |
V | |
X | |
L | |
C | |
D | |
M |
, :
, VII = 5 + 1 + 1 = 7. V I 5 1, , .
b . , , x : , ak () .
: q = 2, { 0, 1 }.
' ' . : 0 1, .
╔═ 1. =1910.
. 1 , 1 , 1 , .. 12=110, 102=210, 1002=410, 10002=810, 100002=1610,
1910=(16+2+1)10=(10000+10+1)2=100112.
╚═ |
, , . , , , , - . , , , , . , . , .
╔═ 2. ,
=100110112.
.
:
100110112=(1q7 + 0q6 +0q5 +1q4 +1q3 +0q2 +1q1 +1q0)2 =
=127 + 026 +025 +124 +123 +022 +121 +120 ==27 + 24 +23 +21 +1=
=128+16+8+2+1=155.
╚═ |
, 2k, k , 1 (k=0, 1, ). , 1:
.1
k | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
2k | 4096 | 2048 | 1024 | 512 | 256 | 128 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
╔═ 3. , =1010110102.
.
:
|
|
1010110102 =2+8+16+64+256=26+320=346.
╚═ |
³ : q = 8, { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 }.
8- 8, 9. 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 .. 810 = 108, 910 = 118.
╔═ 4. , =3578.
.
:
3578 = (3102 + 5101 +7100)8 = (382 + 581 +780)10 =192 + 40 + 7 = 239
╚═
.
╔═ 5. =77, 8-?
.
8 . 77- 9 5 . 9 8 1 . 1 , 1 5 : 77=1158.
╚═
س : q = 16, { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F }.
16- 10, 11, 12..15 q = 16, . , , : A16=10, B16=11, C16=12, D16=13, E16=14, F16=15.
╔═ 6. , 16- =216.
.
:
216 = (2102 + ŷ101 +100)16 = (2162 + 14161 +10160)10 =512 + 224 + 10 = 746
╚═
10- | 8- | 2- | 16- |
A | |||
B | |||
C | |||
D | |||
E | |||
F | |||
0 16 .
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1-5 ;
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1. , .
2. , .
3. , 16- .
4. .
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
D1E6 | ||||
A0F5 | ||||
CC22 | ||||
B2A0 | ||||
9FC8 | ||||
E02B |