, . , , , ( ).
, - , .
. : 1) .
: Wp=ZFE=-rG
, .
. .
. - -(-): ∆rG=∆rH+T( ∆G/ )
∆rG=-ZFE∆rH=ZF(T E / T - E)∆rS=ZF E / T
- , , . -. . (-) Zn|ZnSO4||CuSO4|Cu (+)K
- , , (-) Zn|ZnSO4||ZnSO4|Zn (+)K
a1 φ a2 , 1<2
. - , . E=RT/ZFln a2/a1
. . 1- 2- . .
- , , , (,, - ).
- - : =const -, . ()+2()=3(); V=kCACB2 : , - 1.
. , . (- 1- ) V=kCA; V=-dC/dτ; k=1/τln C0/C (- 2- ) +=+ V=kCACB=-dC/dτ, CA=CB, kC2=-dC/dτ, k=1/τ(1/-1/0)
, - τ1/2. 1- : k=1/τln C0/C; k=1/τ1/2ln 2; τ1/2=ln2/k .
2- : k=1/τ(1/-1/0); τ1/2=1/ 0; τ1/2=/ 0 n-1
13 .
1 =f(τ) , . Ln C=ln 0-kτ
|
|
1- 2- 2 . 0 ( -). Ln τ1/2=ln A+(n-1) ln 0
3 . C1→V1; C2→V2; V1=kC1n; V2=kC2n; V1/V2=(C1/C2)n; n=ln(V1/V2)/ln(C1/C2)
4 . =f(τ); tgα=(-dC/dτ). .
kCn=(-dC/dτ); lg(-dC/dτ)=lg k+nlg C; tgα=n
.
- . KClO3 →KCl+O2 ↘KClO4+KCl
, , - x-y=k1/k2 ae-k1τ k1<<k2, - , , - , .. 1- . k2<<k1, 2- . .