6.4.1 : , , - .
6.4.2 - .
6.5.1 ?
6.5.2 :
) 2N02 () = 2NO(r) + 02()
) 2() + N2() = 2NH3()
) 2() + u() = 2() + ()
?
6.5.3 :
) 2S02() + 2() = 2S03()
) 2() + r2() = 2r()
) N2() + 02() = 2NO()
6.5.4 252807 + 1 = 252761 +2
12 10-2 252807 15 10-2 1. 50 . 252761 2,03∙10 -3 /. : 3,14∙105.
7
: , , .
: 250 , , , , , 100 , , NaCI, KCI, Na2CO3, BaCI2, CaCI2, CuSO4.
- . .
I. :
) ω, ,
% (7.1)
m(-), , ;
m(-), , .
) χ, ,
% (7.2)
ν(-), , ;
ν1 + ν2 +, , .
) φ, ,
% (7.3)
V(-), , ;
V(), , .
II. :
) CM, /,
(7.4)
ν(-), , ;
V(-), , .
) , /,
(7.5) (7.6)
ν(), , ;
V(-), , ;
Z, .
) b, /,
(7.7)
ν(-), , ;
m(-), , .
|
|
) , /,
(7.8)
m(-), , ;
V(-), , .
( , , ), .
- , .
- . , , , .
, , , .
, , .
-
, (7.9)
ν, , ;
R, , 8,314 /();
, , ;
V, , 3
, (7.10)
P0, ;
P, ;
n, , ;
N, , .
, ,
∆= b (7.11)
b, , /;
, .
, - . , , , .. 1 1000 .
S , 100 . , , , .
. /3 (/), /3, /, . (. . 7.1).
. , . . , , .
, , : F.= mg Vg = mg, V = m/,. , ( ) . .
|
|
. , , . . , - . , (. . 7.1) , , , .
.7.1
7.1- (ω%) () 20C
ω% | , /3 | |||||
I2 | NaCI | CuSO4 | KCI | Na2O3 | I2 | |
1,0070 | 1,0053 | 1,009 | 1,0046 | 1,009 | - | |
1,0148 | 1,0125 | 1,019 | 1,0110 | 1,019 | 1,016 | |
1,0316 | 1,0226 | 1,040 | 1,0239 | 1,040 | 1,034 | |
1,0486 | 1,0413 | 1,062 | 1,0369 | 1,061 | 1,053 | |
1,0659 | 1,0559 | 1,084 | 1,0500 | 1,082 | 1,072 | |
1,0835 | 1,0707 | 1,107 | 1,0633 | 1,103 | 1,092 | |
1,1015 | 1,0857 | 1,131 | 1,0768 | 1,085 | 1,113 | |
1,1198 | 1,1009 | 1,155 | 1,0905 | 1,101 | 1,134 |
, ( ). : , . , , . .
, 2,3% . . - 2% 4%, 1,0125 /3 1,0226 /3. , 2%, 1,0226-1,0125=0,0101 /3. , , 0,3%:
2% 0,0101 /3
0,3% /3
=0,0015 /3. 2%- , 2,3%- : 1,0125+0,0015=1,0140 /3.