11 12 1n 11 12 1n 1
= 21 22 2n, Ã = 21 22 2n 2
..,
m1 m2 mn m1 m2 mn m
;
à , ;
m, n .
:
1) rang A = rang à = n, ;
2) rang A = rang à ≠ n, .
3) rang A ≠ rang Ã, .
.
I. .
I ().
:
1 2 -3 2 -2 7 3 2 0
= 5 3 4 = 1 0 4 = -4 5 1
-2 0 -3 5 -3 2 -2 3 4
4 3 0 5 3 1 6 3
D = 1 2 -3 P = 2 -1 0 Q = 2 0
1 -4
7 0 1 2 3 -1 3 5
R = 2 -4 M = 0 3 N = 2 4 K = -1 0
1 3
En = n- .
:
1. 2QD A2 2. 3RD AB
3. DTD + 2B2 4. 3DQ + MN(K + 2E2)
5. 2PQ + 3C 6. 2BC (A + E3)
7. (DRM)T 2 8. (B 2E3)C + BTB
9. AC + 2DTP 4E3 10. 3QRT ATB + 2E3
11. 5PQ M2(K + 2E2) 12. CB BC + 3E3
13. AB + 2 (D + P)TD 14. 3RD A(B + E3)
15. (M 2N)2 + 3PQM 16. QMP (B 2E3)2
17. 3RTR + (K M + 2E2)2 18. PQNT 2(N 3E3)2
19. 2DQMT + (K E2)2 20. 3QQT 2BC.
2. .
I ().
, 3,5 (. I ).
, , - ( ) ().
, 1 5, ,
1 2 3
1 2 3 = 5
1 2 3
1. ) 14 7 ) 1 5 2 ) 1 1 1 1 ) 31 32 33
200 201 2 6 1 2 0 1 -1 1 2 3
-1 2 4 3 2 3 0 21 22 23
5 3 5 1
2. ) 16 8 ) 1 4 2 ) 1 2 -1 1 ) 1 2 3
101 102 3 6 2 3 0 1 4 21 22 23
-2 2 4 2 2 2 4 41 42 43
4 4 1 6
3. ) 15 203 ) 1 4 2 ) 1 1 0 1 ) 31 2 63
30 205 -1 2 2 -1 4 7 -4 31 2 63
3 6 2 2 -2 2 0 31 2 63
4 -2 1 2
4. ) 3 6 ) 1 4 2 ) 1 -3 1 -1 ) 71 3 22
251 252 -2 1 2 -2 0 4 6 71 3 22
3 2 -1 2 2 3 1 71 3 22
4 -1 4 -1
5. ) 8 321 ) 2 6 3 ) 2 3 3 0 ) -2 33 1
4 322 1 6 4 1 2 2 -1 -2 33 1
1 3 2 3 -2 0 3 -2 33 1
7 1 3 5
6. ) 6 521 ) 2 4 1 ) 2 2 -5 -2 ) 81 82 83
12 522 3 6 2 3 0 2 5 -1 -2 -3
-1 3 4 1 2 4 5 31 32 33
5 4 -1 5
|
|
7. ) 16 51 ) 2 4 1 ) 2 -2 5 2 ) 21 22 23
32 52 -1 2 2 -1 0 2 3 1+31 2+32 3+33
5 7 1 1 2 0 -1 1 2 3
7 -2 10 1
8. ) 22 33 ) 2 4 1 ) 2 -3 5 2 ) -3 22 -61
11 44 -2 1 2 -2 0 3 5 -3 22 -61
4 3 -1 1 2 1 0 -3 22 -61
3 2 1 -2
9. ) 33 351 ) 3 6 2 ) 3 7 14 -3 ) 31 32 33
36 352 1 6 4 1 1 2 0 1-1 2-2 3-3
2 4 2 2 -4 -6 4 41 42 43
8 3 8 4
10. ) 4 123 ) 3 5 1 ) 3 1 -8 -4 ) 41 42 43
8 124 2 6 3 2 0 1 3 -1 -2 -3
1 4 3 1 2 4 5 31 32 33
7 3 -4 4
11. ) 10 5 ) 3 5 1 ) 3 6 -8 -4 ) 1 21 1
420 421 -1 3 3 -1 2 -2 -3 2 22 2
7 9 1 1 1 1 2 3 23 3
7 7 -7 1
12. ) 32 45 ) 3 5 1 ) 3 -3 8 4 ) 1+1 2+2 3+3
16 25 -2 2 3 -2 0 3 5 1 2 3
5 4 -1 1 2 0 -1 31 32 33
7 -1 8 0
13. ) 14 35 ) -1 1 3 ) -1 5 5 -1 ) 31 32 33
28 105 1 3 -1 1 -1 -1 2 1-1 2-2 3-3
-2 -2 4 2 0 -2 4 51 52 53
0 5 3 1
14. ) 55 45 ) -1 1 2 ) -1 1 4 4 ) 21 1+2 32
24 26 2 2 1 2 0 1 3 21 1+2 32
-2 -1 1 1 2 0 1 21 1+2 32
-1 3 4 4
15. ) 25 35 ) -1 2 1 ) -1 2 4 4 ) 1 21 31
45 55 3 2 -1 3 0 2 5 2 22 32
-4 4 4 1 2 1 2 3 23 33
-1 4 5 5
16. ) 11 8 ) -1 2 -2 ) -1 -3 -1 -4 ) 21 22 23
22 32 -2 -3 -7 -2 0 3 5 -1 -2 -3
1 -1 2 1 2 2 3 31 32 33
-3 -1 4 5
17. ) 21 8 ) 1 2 -1 ) 1 1 -4 -2 ) 3+41 52 1
63 16 2 4 -1 2 0 3 5 3+41 52 1
-1 1 3 -1 2 4 3 3+41 52 1
1 3 0 2
18. ) 3 181 ) 1 -3 -1 ) 1 2 -4 -2 ) 32-1 3 2
6 182 3 -1 -1 3 0 4 7 22-1 3 2
-2 18 4 -1 2 5 4 32-1 3 2
1 4 1 3
19. ) 14 300 ) 1 5 -2 ) 1 2 0 2 ) 3 32-3 1
7 301 -1 3 -4 -1 4 4 -5 3 32-3 1
2 2 2 3 1 3 0 3 32-3 1
5 3 3 3
|
|
20. ) 5 201 ) 1 5 3 ) 1 -3 0 -2 ) 31 32 33
15 202 -2 2 3 -2 0 5 7 31 32 33
3 2 -1 3 2 4 1 31 32 33
5 -1 4 -2
3. .
:
) ;
) ;
) .
.
2 ( , , ).
1. x + y z = 0 -x + 2y +2z = 9 y +3z = 11 | 2. x + 2y z = 6 -x + 2y +2z = 1 3x y z = 2 | 3. 2x 2y + z = -1 3x + y 2z = 7 x + 2y z = 7 |
4. 2x y 2z = 1 3x + y 2z = 9 2y + z = 6 | 5. -x + 3y + z = 1 3x y 2z = -8 x + 2y + 3z = 6 | 6. 2x + y + z = 7 3x + 2z = 12 -x 2y + 3z = 7 |
7. 2x + 3y + z = 0 2x y + 2z = 3 -2x + 3y z = -6 | 8. 3x + 4y z = 4 x y + 2z = 6 -x + y +z = -3 | 9. 3x + 3y + z = 6 3x y + 5z = 10 -x + y = -4 |
10. x + 2y + 4z = -1 -3x + y 2z = 0 3x + 2y z = 6 | 11. x 2y z = -5 2x + 3y + z = 10 2x + y + 2z = 8 | 12. 3x + 2y + z = 13 -3x + y + 4z = 0 x y + 2z = 6 |
13. 2x + 2y + z = 7 -x + y 2z = -3 x + 4y + z = 7 | 14. 2x + 3y + 2z = 9 -x + y 3z = -4 4x + 2y + z = 11 | 15. x + 6y + 2z = 7 -2x + 2y + z = -1 2x + 2y 3z = 15 |
16. x + 3y 2z = 3 2x + y 3z = -2 2x 2y + z = 0 | 17. x + 5y z = -5 x y + 2z = 4 -2x + y + z = 2 | 18. 3x + 2y z = 14 3x + y + 2z = 14 x 4y + 3z = -6 |
19. 3x + 3y z = -1 3x 3y 2z = 16 -3x = y + z = -11 | 20. x + y + 3z = -3 -2x + 2y + z = 0 3x + 2y 2z = 11 |
4. .
.
2 ( ).
2 3 0 -2 1 -3 1. X × 0 -1 1 = 20 11 15 4 2 3 -4 -7 1 | 2 1 0 3 6 2. 1 3 -2 × X = -7 11 -2 1 1 -2 3 |
3. 5 1 × Y × 1 2 = 26 -4 3 2 3 -1 31 -1 | 2 1 0 2 -1 4 4. 0 1 3 × X = 6 2 11 -1 2 2 3 0 9 |
1 0 2 3 3 5. 2 -1 3 × X = 5 7 1 2 2 5 -1 | 6. 2 -3 × Y × 2 1 = 0 6 -4 7 4 5 4 -10 |
1 2 -2 8 14 -11 7. X × 0 1 2 = 2 1 -7 2 3 -3 | 1 0 3 1 5 4 8. X × 2 1 1 = 5 0 2 -1 2 0 3 0 9 |
9. 2 3 × Y × 4 -1 = 10 -5 1 4 -2 3 0 5 | 3 0 1 5 5 10. 1 2 -2 × X = 10 -3 2 1 1 6 4 |
2 1 0 4 6 -3 11. 0 1 2 × X = 10 2 5 3 2 -1 3 8 -6 | 1 1 2 3 1 5 12. X × 0 -2 -1 = 5 2 5 3 0 1 7 5 6 |
13. 3 -4 × Y × -4 5 = 2 7 -2 1 2 -3 2 -3 | 1 0 2 -1 -7 7 14. X × -2 -5 1 = -5 -9 3 1 3 1 |
1 0 -1 -2 1 -3 15. 2 3 4 × X = 20 11 15 -2 1 0 -4 -7 1 | 1 0 1 2 -1 4 16. X × 0 -1 2 = 6 2 11 2 1 3 3 0 9 |
17. 2 3 × Y × 3 -2 = 1 36 -1 1 -1 4 -8 12 | 1 3 -2 4 6 -3 18. X × 2 0 1 = 10 2 5 4 1 2 3 8 -6 |
3 2 0 7 3 19. 0 1 1 × X = 1 3 -2 1 -1 1 -5 | 20. 2 1 × Y × 5 1 = -5 12 4 3 -3 2 -9 32 |