. -, - . , , , , , .
-, , . , 0 25, . , ( 1)+ ( 2)= 3- . , , . , 25, 26, - 26. - - 26.
4.3. Microsoft Excel
. ( ) , k ( ). k ( , ). . , :
yi=(xi+k) mod n
xi i- , yi i- , k , n . mod (: 5 mod 2 = 1, 10 mod 5 = 0, 20 mod 7 = 6).
()
xi=(yi+(n-k)) mod n
.
k=7 .
, 0, 31. .. n=32.
:
→ 24 | = 1 | |
→ 8 | = 2 | |
→ 20 | = 3 | |
→ 16 | = 4 |
k=7
y1= (x1 + k) mod 32 = (24 +7) mod 32 = 31 mod 32 = 31 →
y2 = (x2 + k) mod 32 = (8 +7) mod 32 = 15 mod 32 = 15 →
y3 = (x3 + k) mod 32 = (20 +7) mod 32 = 27 mod 32 = 27 →
y4 = (x4 + k) mod 32 = (16 +7) mod 32 = 23 mod 32 = 23 →
,
.
:
→ 31 | = y1 | |
→ 15 | = y2 | |
→ 27 | = y3 | |
→ 23 | = y4 |
|
|
x1 = (y1 + (32 k)) mod 32 = (31 +(32 7)) mod 32 = 56 mod 32 = 24 →
x2 = (y2 + (32 k)) mod 32 = (15 +25) mod 32 = 40 mod 32 = 8 →
x3 = (y3 + (32 k)) mod 32 = (27 +25) mod 32 = 52 mod 32 = 20 →
x4 = (y4 + (32 k)) mod 32 = (23 +25) mod 32 = 48 mod 32 = 16 →
, .
( ).
. . , . . , (). , .
.
. (, , , 1; , 2, 3; , 4 ..):
: , .
. .
, :