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:




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. -, - . , , , , , .

-, , . , 0 25, . , ( 1)+ ( 2)= 3- . , , . , 25, 26, - 26. - - 26.

 

4.3. Microsoft Excel

 

. ( ) , k ( ). k ( , ). . , :

yi=(xi+k) mod n

xi i- , yi i- , k , n . mod (: 5 mod 2 = 1, 10 mod 5 = 0, 20 mod 7 = 6).

()

xi=(yi+(n-k)) mod n

.

k=7 .

, 0, 31. .. n=32.

:

→ 24 = 1
→ 8 = 2
→ 20 = 3
→ 16 = 4

k=7

y1= (x1 + k) mod 32 = (24 +7) mod 32 = 31 mod 32 = 31 →

y2 = (x2 + k) mod 32 = (8 +7) mod 32 = 15 mod 32 = 15 →

y3 = (x3 + k) mod 32 = (20 +7) mod 32 = 27 mod 32 = 27 →

y4 = (x4 + k) mod 32 = (16 +7) mod 32 = 23 mod 32 = 23 →

,

.

:

→ 31 = y1
→ 15 = y2
→ 27 = y3
→ 23 = y4

 

x1 = (y1 + (32 k)) mod 32 = (31 +(32 7)) mod 32 = 56 mod 32 = 24 →

x2 = (y2 + (32 k)) mod 32 = (15 +25) mod 32 = 40 mod 32 = 8 →

x3 = (y3 + (32 k)) mod 32 = (27 +25) mod 32 = 52 mod 32 = 20 →

x4 = (y4 + (32 k)) mod 32 = (23 +25) mod 32 = 48 mod 32 = 16 →

 

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( ).

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.

. (, , , 1; , 2, 3; , 4 ..):

 

 

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