1.
.
: .
.
- , , .
1.
Li, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al | Mn, Zn, Fe | Ni, Sn, Pb 2 Cu, Ag, Pt, Au |
22O+ 2e→ 2+2OHֿ n++n-= =()n- | 2 | Men++ne-=Me0 |
2.
m- | ||
Me0 - ne→Men+ | ||
m-- me →0 | : 4--4→2+22 : 22-4→2 + 4 + | |
J-, Br-, S2-, l-, -, SO42-, NO3-, F- |
1.
:
HHm
2.
3. .
4. .
.
1.
2.
3.
CuSO4 .
A(+): Cu ‒ 2e→Cu
K(‒): Cu + 2e→Cu ↓ ( )
m =
m =
F - = 96500 .
Q .
Q = I(A) * t(c) = 1,1(A) * 1200(c) = 1320
m = = 0,43
η = *100 = 90,9
M = =32 /.
.
|
J(A) | τ (c) | (Cu) | m (.) | mτ- mo (.) | η(u)% | |
mo | m | |||||
1,1 | 48,83 | 48,83 | 0,44 | 0,40 | 90,9 |
: .
.
1. ? : .
2. , Ni2+, Cr2+,Fe3+?
: Cr2+, Fe3+, Ni2+
3. , MgSO4 6 . 10 ?
|
|
m =
=
m = ; I=
t = 3600 * 10 = 36000
F = 2
M(Mg) = 24,305
m(Mg) = 6.
I=
4. . , - , - . , 1 . ?
K1: 2H2O + 2e = H2 + 2OH-
A1: 2H2O - 4e = O2 + 4H+
m(H ) = 1.
m = ; Q =
( ) = = 1
Q = = 96,5
K2: Ag+ + e = Ag0
A2: 2H2O - 4e = O2 + 4H+
m =
(Ag) = = 108
m(Ag) = = 0,108.
K3: 2H+ + 2e = H20
A3: 2Cl- - 2e = Cl20
M(Cl) = = 35,5
m(Cl) = = 0,0355.
5. NaCl ( ) , , . .
1 .
: 2H2O + 2e = H2 + 2OH
: 2Cl - 2e = Cl2
-:
2H2O + 2Cl = H2 + Cl2 + 2OH
-:
2H2O + 2NaCl = H2 + Cl2 + 2NaOH
2 .
K1: 2H2O + 2e = H2 + 2OH-
A1: 2H2O - 4e = O2 + 4H+
K2: Ag+ + 1e = Ag0
A2: 2H2O - 4e = O2 + 4H+
K3: 2H+ + 2e = H20
A3: 2Cl- - 2e = Cl20