Appendix 1
to be
Present Past
to be
Future
:
1. Is she fond of this game? - Yes, she is/ No, she is not.
2. Was she fond of this game? Yes, she was/ No, she was not.
3. Will she be fond of this game? Yes, she will (be)/ No, she will not (be).
there + be
Present | Past | Future | |
Singular (. .) | There is | There was | There will be |
Plural (. .) | There are | There were | There will be |
There is/was/will be - , there are/were/will be - . - there - , there + be .
:
1.-There is a lamp on his table. .
-There are many new houses in our city. .
2.-There was a lamp on his table. .
- There were many new houses in our city. .
3.-There will be a lamp on his table. .
- There will be many new houses in our city. .
to have
to have , . to have, , I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
I | have | I have a dog. |
He She It | has | She has a white dress. |
We You They | have | We have a modern flat. |
Appendix 2
- :
: , ; , .
I He She It , , | Me , Him , Her , It , , , | |
We You , , They | Us , You , Them , |
:
1. He knows what I want. .
2. Tell him to call me right now. .
3. It 's very cold in the room. .
- :
. , "", , . , , .
, , .
|
|
I He She It | My His Her Its | Mine His Hers Its , | |
We You They | Our Your Their | Ours Yours Theirs |
:
1. This is my brother Tom and that is his wife Betty with their children. - , .
2. I have some roses in my garden, too. I think yours are more beautiful than mine. . , .
3. This is not my pen. It's hers. . .
- :
/ | + thing | + body +one | + where | |
+ | some - - | something - - - - | somebody someone - - - - | somewhere - - - - - |
+ | any | anything | anybody anyone | anywhere |
?\ - | any - | anything - - - | anybody anyone - - - | anywhere - - - - |
- | no (= not any) , | nothing (= not anything) | nobody (=not anybody) no one, none | nowhere (= not anywhere) |
:
+ | made some mistakes. Give me some coffee, please. There is somebody in the room. Any man can tell you this | - -, () . - - . - . |
? | Have you got anybooks on geology? Is there anybody in the house? | - - ? - - ? |
- | There are not any students in the lab. Nobody tells me anything | - () . - . |
much (), a little ( ), little (, ) . Many (), a few ( ), few (, ) . A lot of () .
- :
This , , That , , | These Those |
. " this " , , " that " ; " that " ", ". , .
:
1. This is my father. And that is my uncle. . .
2. This student works at that table. .
-
|
|
, . , , .
Who () | Whois this man? ? | I do not knowwhowas here before. , . |
What () | Whatdo you do at the weekend? ? | We understandwhatyou want. , . |
Which (, ( )) | Whichsong do you like most? ? | I seewhichsong you like most. , . |
How () | Howdo you do this? ? | She teacheshowto play the piano. , . |
How much/ How many () How often ( ) | How muchmoney do you have? ? How oftendo you see him? ? | Tell mehow muchmoney you have. , . She does not know how oftenI was absent from classes. , . |
When () | Whendo you come home? ? | She feelswhenhe is near. , . |
Where (, ) | Wheredoes she go? ? Whereis this shop situated? ? | I do not knowwhereshe goes. , . We can show youwherethis shop is situated. , . |
Why () | Whyare they always late? ? | They cannot answerwhythey are always late. , . |
Appendix 3
-
at | () , | Im sitting at the table. . I work at the factory. . The children are at the lesson. . |
in | The boss is inthe office. . The pencils are in the box. . | |
on | The folder is on the desk. . | |
over above | The lamp is abovethe table. - . | |
under | The box is under the table. . | |
between | Between you and me. . | |
in front of | There is a telephone in front of him. . | |
behind | My house is behind the post-office. . | |
near | , , | Im sitting near the window. . |
along | , | Go alongthe pathway. . |
through | , , | Go through the garden. . |
- :
in | In September, in 1997. , 1997 . | |
in | In an hour, in two days , 2 | |
at | ( ) | At 5 oclock, at midnight 6 , |
on | ( , ) | On Monday, on 21st of May , 21 |
by | By 5 oclock tomorrow 5- | |
fromtill fromto | From 5 till 6 oclock/from 5 to 6 oclock 5- 6- | |
for | For an hour | |
during | During the meeting | |
after | (-) | After work |
before | , | Before breakfast |
within | , | Within a year |
- :
of | , ( ? ?) | Music is the universal language of mankind. - - . |
to | , ( ? ?) | The name of Zina Portnova, a young partisan from Leningrad was given to an ocean liner. - , , . |
by/with | , ( ? ?). by , , with ( , , ) : | I have got many books written by J. London. - , . . We write with a pen or a pencil. - . |
Appendix 4
|
|
, : ? ?
: a book - , a woman - , a student - .
: ( , , ), : Max, London , .
, . .
: a house , a cat , a friend - .
, . .
: sugar - , milk- , time .
.
-s (-es) | a cat cats a glass glasses | |
, -y : -y | -es(y i) - s | a family families a day days a boy boys |
, -f, -fe, | -es (-f -v) | leaf leaves life lives : roof roofs safe safes |
c, o | -es | tomato tomatoes |
:
man | men |
woman | women |
mouse | mice |
tooth | teeth |
foot | feet |
child | children |
ox | oxen |
goose | geese |
sheep | sheep |
deer | deer |
swine | swine |