50 , , , , .
, , ; , , .
4.1.3. ,
, ( ), ( ), ( ). , , , . .
4.2.
.
, - . :
1) , : , , , , ;
2) - .., , .
, .
17
() | 1 . , Li, Na, , Rb, Cs, Ru, Cl, Br . |
() | - : , , Sr, Ra, Zr, Ir, F . |
La, Ce, Pm, Pu, Th, Mn . | |
Bi, Sr, As, U, Se . | |
I, Br, As |
, , .
|
|
,
, , , ,
. , , (.).
. ,
( ), . , .
, , , . :
. = ´ ./. + . .
: ( 24Na, 64Cu-) ( 131I, 32, 35S) ( 226Ra, 90Sr). , .
4.3.
´ ´ . :
1. . - 20 -, , .
2. .
3. , , .
4. ,
.
5. , - . , 15-20 . .
6. . .
7. . , , .
5 .
18
- | ||||
/ | / | |||
3,7-370 | 10-10-10-8 | 210Pb, 226Ra, 232U, 238Pu, 230Th | ||
37-3700 | 10-9-10-7 | 106Ru, 131I, 144Ce, 210Bi, 234Th, 235U, 214Pu, 90Sr | ||
370-37´103 | 10-8-10-7 | 22Na, 32P, 35S, 36Cl, 45Ca, 59Fe, 60Co, 89Sr, 90Y, 92Mo, 125Sb, 137Cs, 140Ba, 96Au | ||
370-37´103 | 10-8-10-7 | 7Be, 14C, 18F, 57Cr, 55Fe, 64Cu, 129Te, 195Pt, 197Hg, 200Tl | ||
- | 14,8 ´10 4 | 4 ´ 10-6 | (3H) |
4.4. 131I
|
|
24 117-126 128-139, , . () 131I, 132I, 133I, 135I; 1 131I 133I, 2 131I. 131I 8,05 . - -, ( ). :
1) , ;
2) ,
, - ;
3) .
, 235U 2,5 ´ 104 1 .
, , . : , ; , , .
, : , .
. 131I 90Sr 14 2 .
60 % ( ). : 1; , , 2-3; 5-15; 10000.
, , , , . 1 1 % 1 ; 16 %, 1 % .
, 131I, 3 , , 3 4 . , ; . 50 % , 70 % . 90 %.
, , ( ). , , , . , , , .
|
|
, .
, .