.
:
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2016
1. ......3
2. ΅......5
2.1 (AO/ASIF)..9
3. 腅13
3.1 14
3.2 ..17
3.3 ..18
3.4 ..19
3.5 充20
3.6 充...21
4. 腅............22
4.1 .23
4.2 .23
4.3 ..24
5. 充....26
6. ...27
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(AO/ASIF).
, (1968), C.S. Neer (1970).
, M. Muller (AO/ASIF 1993.), , , ( , , ), ( .. . , . , . ) [8].
/ASIF , , . ?.. ?... ?.. . : , , . : A1, A2, A3; B1, B2, ; C1, C2, . 9 . 3 , . 1,.2,.3, 27 . . , , : 1 , .
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3 =
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AO/ASIF
3
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(0 ) - > 90%, ( ) , ( . ( ) , 10% , , . 1 , 2 , A3 . ( ) - , , 1 , 2 , . ( ) , , 1 , 2 , - . . . , . . ( ) . ( ) ( ). , , (Maurice E. Miiller et al. 1987) : I = INTEGUMENT = , Closed Integument = , Open Integument = ; =Muscles, Tendon= .
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32
=
- 1 ,
1.
2.
3.
- 2 , (>, = 30)
1.
2.
3.
3 , (< 30)
1.
2.
3.
=
- 1 ,
1.
2.
3.
- 2 ,
1.
2.
3.
- 3 ,
1.
2.
3.
=
- 1 ,
1.
2.
3.
- 2 ,
1.
2. () ()
3.
- 3 ,
1.
2. (< 5)
3. (>, = 5)
42 /
=
- 1 ,
1.
2.
3.
- 2 , (>, = 30)
1.
2.
3.
- 3 , (< 30)
1.
2.
3.
=
- 1 ,
1.
2.
3.
- 2 ,
1.
2.
3.
- 3 ,
1.
2.
3.
=
- 1 ,
4.
5.
6.
- 2 ,
4.
5. () ()
6.
- 3 ,
4.
5. (< 4)
6. (>, = 4)
