.
1. . .
, , , ( ). , . , , , .
2. .
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. , , , , , ,
3. .
4. .
Aij aij n-
Aij = (-1)i + j Mij
( , ,
A11 = (-1)1 + 1M11 = (-1)21003 = 13 - 00 = 3 - 0 = 3)
.
:
.
Mij aij n- (n - 1)- , i- j- .
1.
AA = 571-410203
:
M11 = 571-410203 = 1003M11 = 1003 = 13 - 00 = 3 - 0 = 3M12 = -4023 = -43 - 02 = -12 -0 = -12M13 = -4120 = -40 - 12 = 0 - 2 = -2M21 = 7103 = 73 - 10 = 21 - 0 = 21M22 = 5123 = 53 - 12 = 15 - 2 = 13M23 = 5720 = 50 - 72 = 0 - 14 = -14M31 = 7110 = 70 - 11 = 0 - 1 = -1M32 = 51-40 = 50 - 1(-4) = 0 + 4 = 4M33 = 57-41 = 51 - 7(-4) = 5 + 28 = 33
.
Aij aij n-
Aij = (-1)i + j Mij
() () :nΣaijAij = det(A)j = 1
() ()
5. .
:
.
, (n m ) N(P) M(P), :
,
: 1, 2, 3 m (p) = 0; 1, 2, .
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1 , 1.
1, :
,
: .
:
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, :
.
(. 3.1) , :
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(. 3.3). :
N(p)= U0, M(p) = p(r + Lp).
M(p) = 0:
- : p1 =0;
- p2 = -r/L.
:
.
:
6. . .
- , , .
( ):
m x n , m - , n - , - .
n x n - n- .
- , A .
- - , .
- , , , 0.
- , .
- , .
- , 0.
- , , , 0, - 0.
7. .
: , , .
: n- n×n.
. , . , . : , . : ( I) . : , . (=), (.. ). , =B, a11=b11, a12=b12, a21=b21, a22=b22
8. (, , , ) .
. . . .
( - ) , . "" 1850 . , .
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A=Amn m*n , m - n - .
aij, i=j, .
(m=n) a11, a22,..., ann.
.
A=B, A B aij=bij (i=1,2,...,m; j=1,2,...,n)
.
1. -
2. -
3. -
4. A*B ( B)
Amk*Bkn=Cmn ij Cmn i- j- B, ..
5.
m>1 . - (m=n) ..
6. . AT A'