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. . . .




.

 

1. . .

, , , ( ). , . , , , .

2. .

.

. , , , , , ,

 

3. .

4. .

Aij aij n-

Aij = (-1)i + j Mij
( , ,
A11 = (-1)1 + 1M11 = (-1)21003 = 13 - 00 = 3 - 0 = 3)

.

:

.

Mij aij n- (n - 1)- , i- j- .

1.

AA = 571-410203

:

M11 = 571-410203 = 1003M11 = 1003 = 13 - 00 = 3 - 0 = 3M12 = -4023 = -43 - 02 = -12 -0 = -12M13 = -4120 = -40 - 12 = 0 - 2 = -2M21 = 7103 = 73 - 10 = 21 - 0 = 21M22 = 5123 = 53 - 12 = 15 - 2 = 13M23 = 5720 = 50 - 72 = 0 - 14 = -14M31 = 7110 = 70 - 11 = 0 - 1 = -1M32 = 51-40 = 50 - 1(-4) = 0 + 4 = 4M33 = 57-41 = 51 - 7(-4) = 5 + 28 = 33

.

Aij aij n-

Aij = (-1)i + j Mij

() () :nΣaijAij = det(A)j = 1

() ()

5. .

:

.

, (n m ) N(P) M(P), :

,

: 1, 2, 3 m (p) = 0; 1, 2, .

1 , 1.

1, :

,

: .

:

.

, :

.

(. 3.1) , :

.

(. 3.3). :

N(p)= U0, M(p) = p(r + Lp).

M(p) = 0:

  • : p1 =0;
  • p2 = -r/L.

:

.

:

 

6. . .

- , , .

( ):

m x n , m - , n - , - .

n x n - n- .

- , A .

- - , .

- , , , 0.

- , .

- , .

- , 0.

- , , , 0, - 0.

 

7. .

: , , .

: n- n×n.

. , . , . : , . : ( I) . : , . (=), (.. ). , =B, a11=b11, a12=b12, a21=b21, a22=b22

 

8. (, , , ) .

. . . .

( - ) , . "" 1850 . , .

A=Amn m*n , m - n - .

aij, i=j, .

(m=n) a11, a22,..., ann.

.

A=B, A B aij=bij (i=1,2,...,m; j=1,2,...,n)

.

1. -

2. -

3. -

4. A*B ( B)

Amk*Bkn=Cmn ij Cmn i- j- B, ..

5.

m>1 . - (m=n) ..

6. . AT A'





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