:
(GPU) , , . , . , . GPU , : 2D , 3D , , ( ) ( ) .
, RAMDAC . , ( PCI AGP), . (64, 128 256 16 32), RAMDAC. (ATI, nVidia) , .
, , ( ). . , . DDR, DDR2 GDDR3. , , , , AGP PCIE.
- (RAMDAC) , , , . RAMDAC. RAMDAC , (, , , RGB), SRAM . 8 256 , 16.7 . ( 16.7 . ). RAMDAC 10bit (1024 ), 1 . , . . , DVI .
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- (Video ROM) , -BIOS, , . . . -BIOS , , ( BIOS). (EEROM, Flash ROM), -BIOS .
. , . . -BIOS, , .
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, (. bandwidth) . - ( , / / ), - , , RAMDAC. , . , , , . , . 1024×768 24bit (True Color), 2.25MB. 75 75 ( RAMDAC ), , , 170MB/, , . 1600x1200x32 75, 550 , , Pentium2 528 . , , . .
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FPM DRAM FPM DRAM (Fast Page Mode Dynamic RAM - ) , . , . 1996 .
VRAM (Video RAM ) - DRAM. , - , - . , . RAMDAC - . DRAM .
WRAM (Window RAM) VRAM, ~ 25 % , , . . Matrox Number Nine, , (Samsung) . , - RAMDAC .
EDO DRAM (Extended Data Out DRAM ) , 25 %.
SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM ) EDO DRAM - . , , , . .
DDR DRAM (Double Data Rate) SDRAM , . (DDR2, QDDR . .) SGRAM (Synchronous Graphics RAM ) DRAM . , SGRAM SDRAM, , . VRAM WRAM, SGRAM -, , .
MDRAM (Multibank DRAM ) DRAM MoSys, 32 , .
RDRAM (RAMBus DRAM) (Rambus Channel), . , 1600MB/ ( 800MHz, ). . Rambus, , 4 , 6.4GB/. , .
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. 3D-, . (- ) , ( ) , . , . 2D- , , , , . 3D .
, , , : , , ... , , , .. . , .
, , . CPU . , , , . , ( - ):
1. , - , API Direct3D 5 Glide. NVIDIA Riva128, 3Dfx Voodoo. . CPU.
2. API Direct3D 6, API, SGI OpenGL. NVIDIA RivaTNT ATI Rage. .
3. Direct3D 7. , TCL-, CPU . , . (TCL - Transformaton-Clipping-Lighting) . NVIDIA GeForce256 ATI Radeon.
4. . API Direct3D 8 ( 8.1) . . NVIDIA GeForce 3,4 ATI Radeon 8500, 9000, 9100, 9200.
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5. , , ( 2.0), . , API Direct3D 9.0b , ATI RADEON 9500, 9600, 9700, 9800, 800, NVIDIA GeForce FX 5200, 5500, 5600, 5700, 5800, 5900, 5950.
6. DirectX9.0c. NVIDIA GeForce 6 GeForce 6800Ultra/6800GT/6800 NV40. 3.0, . , , , .
- TCL . , , TCL . . , , , , . , . , , . , , . . ( ), . (): , TCL ( ). 22 . . - . 3.0, API DirectX 9, - , . , . 3.0 ( 2.0) DFC Dynamic Flow Control . , , , , . . , - ( ) , 12% . DFC 12%, . DFC . , DFC 10 , , , 100% . . , , . , . , , , . : NVIDIA Cg (C for graphics) Microsoft HLSL (High Level Shading Language) - DirectX 9. , , . , Cg , , GLSL HLSL API OpenGL.