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1. /- QDOS -> 86-DOS-> MS-DOS-> Windows;

2. Multics - UNIX -> Minix - Linux.

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8.1

(FORTRAN)   IBM ISO 1539:1997
(LISP)   F MIT
-60 (Algol 60)   IFIP __
(COBOL)   COLASYL Commitete 1501989:1985
(Sumula)  
(BASIC)   Darmouth College 15010279:1991
/1 (PL/I)   IBM ISO 6160:1979
-68 (Algol 68)   IFIP _
(Pascal)   ETH 1507185:1990
(FORTH)   * Mohasco Industrie 15015145:1997
()   * AT&T Bell Labs 1509899:1999
Smalltalk   Xerox PARC
(Prolog)   Univ. of Aix- Marseille ISO 13211:1995
(Ada)   * Cil Honewell ISO 8652- 1995
++   * AT&T Bell Labs 15014882:1998
Java   Sun Labs

* 16 - 3084

8.2

(APL)   I Harvard Univ ISO 8485: 1989
(Shobol)   I AT&T Bell Labs
(SETL)   I IBM
Concurrent Pascal   G CIT
CLU   D MIT _
Schema   F MIT
Mesa   D* Xerox PARC
Icon   I AT&T Bell Labs
-2 (Modula-2)   D* ETH ISO 10514:1996
(Occam)   G* Inmos
Cedar   H* Xerox PARC
Common Lisp   F MIT _
Objective   H* Productivity Products
(Eiffel)   D* ISE
(Oberon)   D* ETH
-3 (Modula-3)   H* DEC SRC
2 (Oberon-2))   D* ETH
Limbo   D* Bell Labs (Lucent)
Component Pascal   D* Microsystems
Cn   H*  

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, . 8.1 8.2: MIT Massachsetts Institute of Technology; PARC Palo Alto Research Center; ETH Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; SRC Systems Research Center; ISE Interactive Software Engeneering; ISO

International Standard Organisation; CIT California Institute of Technology.

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. :

1. : Microsoft Word, , Lotus Word Perfect, Corel Word Pro, Sun Star Office Writer .;

2. : Microsoft Excel, Corel Quattro Pro, Lotus 1-2-3, Sun Star Office Calc .;

3. : Microsoft Outlook, Lotus Organizer, Lotus Notes, Sun Star Office Schedule .;

4. : Microsoft Power Point, Lotus Freelance Graphics, Corel Presentations, Sun Star Office Impress .;

5. : Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Opera .;

6. WEB-: Microsoft Front Page, Netscape Composer, Macromedia Free Hand .;

7. : Microsoft Outlook, Microsoft Outlook Express, Netscape Messenger, The Bat .;

8. : Adobe Photoshop, Corel Photo-Paint .;

9. : Corel Draw, Adobe Illustrator .;

10. : Adobe Page Maker, Quark Xpress, Corel Ventura, Microsoft Publisher .;

11. : Borland Delphi, Microsoft Visual Basic, Borland C++ Builder, Microsoft Visual C++ .





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