. 4
1. .. 6
1.1. . 6
1.2. . 6
1.3. . 10
2. .. 21
2.1. . 21
2.2. . 26
2.2.1. .....................................................
2.2.2. ......................................................
2.3. ...............................................................
. 38
.. 39
.. 40
. 42
. . .
nVIDIA GeForce.
nVIDIA GeForce.
nVIDIA GeForce.
:
1. nVIDIA GeForce.
2. .
3. .
4. .
: , .
, , nVIDIA GeForce.
, , , .
, , , , , . , , .
, , , , . - , .
, (PCI-Express, PCI, ISA, VLB, EISA, MCA) (AGP), () ( , ).
|
|
, , , . , Nvidia AMD (ATi) OpenGL DirectX . [1].
IBM PC MDA (Monochrome Display Adapter) 1981 . 80×25 ( 720×350 ) : , , , . , , , . -, . Hercules 1982 MDA, HGC (Hercules Graphics Controller ), 720×348 . .
CGA (Color Graphics Adapter), IBM . 40×25 80×25 ( 8×8), 320×200 640×200. 256 16 16 ( 8 ), 320×200 , 640×200 .
EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter) , 64 , . 640×350, 80×43 8×8. 80×25 8×14, 16 , 64 . 640×350 16 64 . CGA MDA [2].
, , MDA HGC , CGA (, , ) , ( 16 ), EGA , , 2/3 1/3 , 64 .
IBM PS/2, MCGA (Multicolor Graphics Adapter ). 640x400, 80x50 8x8, 80x25 8x16. 262144, EGA , 64- EGA MCGA.
|
|
320x200x256, , , EGA , CGA . - , 31,5 K.
IBM VGA (Video Graphics Array ), MCGA, EGA PS/2. 80- . 720x400 MDA 640x480, . 640x480 , , 4:3. IBM 8514/a 640x480x256 1024x768x256, IBM XGA 132x25 (1056x400) (640x480x65K).
1991 SVGA (Super VGA VGA) VGA , . 65 536 (High Color, 16 ) 16 777 216 (True Color, 24 ), . VBE (VESA BIOS Extention BIOS VESA).
SVGA - 1992 , VESA VBE 1.0. SVGA .
, , . (graphics accelerator). , . , (, ), , , , , . .
, , , , , .
.
1. (Graphics processing unit ) , , . , . , , , , . GPU , : 2D-, 3D-, , ( ) ( ) .
|
|
2. , RAMDAC . , (, PCI AGP), . , (64, 128 256 16 32), RAMDAC. (ATI, nVidia) , .
3. , , ( ). . , .
DDR, DDR2, GDDR3, GDDR4 GDDR5. , , , , AGP PCIE. UMA .
4. - (, RAMDAC Random Access Memory Digital-to-Analog Converter) , , , . RAMDAC. RAMDAC , (, , , RGB), SRAM -.
RAMDAC 10 (1024 ), 1 , . . , , DVI , .
5. - (Video ROM) , -BIOS, , . . .
-BIOS , , ( BIOS). (EEPROM, Flash ROM), -BIOS .
6. .
, .
. -BIOS, , .