, skeleton axiale, (, cranium).
, skeleton apendiculare, , skeleton membri superiores et inferiores.
. , columna vertebralis , skeleton thoracis.
, columna vertebralis, : rhachis (.) (. 2.4), 24 , . (7), (12) (5); . 4-5 .
, . - , .
, vertebra (. 2.4), , corpus vertebrae, , arcus vertebrae, , processus vertebrae. , pediculus arcus vertebrae, , foramen vertebrae (. . 2.4).
. 2.4 () : () ().
, canalis vertebralis, .
7 4 , 2 1 :
- processus spinosus, , , ;
- processus transversus, , , ;
- processus articularis superior, , , , , ;
- processus articularis inferior, , , , , .
, incisurae vertebrales superior et inferior. , foramina intervertebralia.
, , .
, , , .
, .
, vertebrae cervicales, I-CVII (. 2.5, 2.6), () . 7 , . , (. 2.5). :
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, foramen processus transversus;
;
VI , , tuberculum caroticum, ;
, ;
, .
. 2.5 ( ):
1 corpus vertebrae; 2 processus transversus; 3 processus articularis superior; 4 processus spinosus; 5 foramen processus transversus.
, atlas, (. 2.6):
;
;
, arcus anterior et posterior, , massae laterales;
, tuberculum anterior. () , fovea dentis. II ;
, tuberculum posterius;
. , II ;
, sulcus a. vertebralis.
, , axis, (. 2.6). , .. . . I , .
, vertebra prominens, , , . , (vertebra prominens). .
, vertebrae thoracicae, Th1-Th12 (. 2.4), . , . . , , . , , fovea processus transversus. XI XII . - , , . , , , foveae costales superior et inferior. , , . I ( I II), X ( X ), XI XII ( ).
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. 2.6 :
( ): 1 arcus anterior, 2 massa lateralis; 3 foramen processus transversus; 4 processus transversus; 5 sulcus a. vertebralis; 6 arcus posterior; 7 tuberculum posterius; 8 fovea articularis superior; 9 tuberculum anterius; 10 fovea dentis;
( ): 1 dens; 2 facies articularis superior; 3 processus spinosus; 4 processus transversus; 5 foramen processus transversus.
, vertebrae lumbales, L1-L5 (. 2.7), . , , processus accessorius. , , processus mammilares.
. 2.7 :
1 corpus vertebrae; 2 processus articularis supenor; 3 processus spinosus; 4 processus articularis inferior; 5 processus transverses.
, os sacrum, S1-S5 (. 2.8), , vertebrae sacrales, . , basis ossis sacri; , apex ossis sacri; , , facies pelvina; , , facies dorsalis. , , promontorium.
, lineae transversae, . , foramina sacralia anteriora, s. pelvina. , foramina sacralia posteriora, s. dorsalia.
. 2.8 ( ; ):
1 foramina sacralia pelvina; 2 lineae transversae; 3 cornu coccygeum; 4 cornu sacrale; 5 crista sacralis mediana; 6 facies auricularis; 7 crista sacralis lateralis; 8 tuberositas sacralis; 9 foramina sacralia dorsalia; 10 crista sacralis intermedia; 11 hiatus sacralis.
. , crista sacralis mediana, . , crista sacralis intermedia, , , crista sacralis lateralis, .
, facies auricularis, . , tuberositas sacralis, . , canalis sacralis. , hiatus sacralis. , cornu sacrale, - .
, os coccyges, C1-C4-5, 3-5 , vertebrae coccygeae. . , . , cornua coccygea. .
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