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г , . 7.090.202 7.090.203 г, , 2005. 21./
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7. ;
8. .
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, , ( , , , 1.1-1.3 ). 1.1-1.3.
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(. 1), 1.
1. ()
1. .
ij D, | ij d, | l, | Ra, | σ, | |||
128Js16 | 124h12 | 12,5 | 45 |
..
1. .
, l D ([1] . 7-19, 2. . 159-167). .
l =110 D=230, - 1620 ([1]. .4-7, . 163) :
) : 12.5, 16, 20, 25, 13.5, 40, 50, 68, 80, 100, 125, 165, 200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000, 1250, 1600, 2000.
) / (): 0.05 2.8.
) N=11 , η=0.75.
2. .
, , .
, , , . .
1620 20×25 . , b×h =16×25.
, .
([1]. . 2-3, . 115-118) 156.
([1]. . 119-136).
(, , , ). . .
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2. .
α,˚ | γ,˚ | φ,˚ | φ1,˚ |
ϳ .
2. -
3. .
.
;
h , ;
D , ;
d , .
:
1.) 2, t = h.
2.) 2 :
,
.
;
,
.
4. .
: ϲ; ; ; : ϲ , .
, , ([1]. . 11-14, . 265-269).
S = 0,8 1,3 / (. 11).
S = 0,6∙2,6=1,56 /, b=6 (.13, ..268)
S. = 1,14 /.
.
5. .
. . , , 120., = 60 .
6. .
:
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Cv ;
T , ;
t , ;
S , /;
m, x, y ;
Kv = Kφv Kφ1v Krv Kuv Kmv Knv
Kφv ([1], . 18 . 271);
Kφ1v ([1], . 18 . 271);
Krv ([1], . 18 . 271);
Kuv ([1], . 6 . 263);
Kmv ([1], . 1-4 . 261-263);
Knv ([1], . 5).
Cv ([1] . 17. . 269). :
Kφv = 1,0; Kφ1v = 0,87; Krv = 0,94; Kuv = 1; Knv = 0,8; Cv = 340; m = 0,2; x = 0,15; y = 0,45.
v=1∙0,87∙0,94∙1∙1,15∙0,8=0,75
ϳ :
/.
7. .
,
Vp ;
D .
/.
.
n = 250 /.
, /.
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8. Pz, Py, Px
P .
Pz , 䳺 ;
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Py , ;
Px , 䳺 , .
([1], .271):
Pz, y, x = 10∙CptXpSYp Kp;
Kpz, Kpy, Kpx ([1], . 9, 10, 23);
t , ;
S , /;
pz, py, px ;
ypz, ypy, ypx ;
pz; py; px , - , .
ֳ ´pz; ´py; ´px Kmp, Kφp, Krp, Kγp, Kλp.
Kmp ;
Kφp ;
Krp ;
Kγp ;
Kλp .
Kmp, Kφp, Krp, Kγp, Kλp [1, . 9, 10, 23].
:
pz = 300; py = 243; px = 339; pz = 1,0; py = 0,9; px =1,0; ypz = 0,75; ypy = 0,6; ypx = 0,5; Kmp = Kφp = Krp = Kγp = Kλp = 1,0.
Pz = 3001,511,140,750,93 = 461,7 ;
Py = 2431,50,91,140,61 = 378,6 ;
Px = 3391,511,140,50,82 = 445,2 .
9. .
, :
, .
.
, η = 0,75÷0,85.
... 1620 η = 0,75.
.
ϳ Nnp N. > Nnp
11 > 0,56 .
10. .
, , , . , , .
L , ;
n , ;
S , /;
i
t , ;
h , .
(, ).
L = l + l1 + l2
l , , . l = 14 .
l1 , l1 = 3 .
l2 , l2 = 2 .
L = 14 + 2 + 3 = 19 .
, < 1.
.
.
[3] [4], 3.
3. .
/ | |||
, : , : . | t ; h . h=2 ; t=1,5; t=0,5. | ||
([3]. .3, .300) =14+1+2=17 | L , L=14; y , , y=1; L , L=2. | ||
So, /. | .) ; .) ; ([3] -2, .23) So=0,6 /. | 45 IT12 Ra=12,5 . | |
, . | ([3] -3, ..26-27) =×λ= × =50 , λ>0,7. | λ, λ=0,8. | |
V, /, n, /. | .) ([3]. -4, .29-34) 1=0,75 .32 2=1,55 .33 3=1 .34 V=110 /. .30 V = V.×1×2×3 = 110×0,7×1,55×1 = 127,8 /; .) ; /; .) ; n=315 /. .) . V.=126,6 /. | 156 16×25×140×45 18878-73 45 240 ; , , φ . | |
t, . | ; So; n. |
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.
.
1.
, ([1]. .16). 16203.
N.=10 .
2. . 䳿 ([5]. 1) 䳿 .
16.
䳿 .
12.
3. ([5]. 2, . 37).
D = 128 , 14, t = 2 .
4. .
× = 20×20 .
156.
([1]. . 119-136). .
3. - .
1- ; 2- ; 3- ; 4- ; 6- ;
11- ; 12- ; 13- .
4. .
α,˚ | γ,˚ | φ,˚ | φ1,˚ |
г 156 20×20×120×45
5. ([5]. 3, . 38), . . . ([5]. 32, 33), .
䳿 3 So = 0,83 /.
, 11 :
su = 0,85;
sn = 1,00;
sp = 1,00;
sd = 0,8;
sy = 1,4;
sm = 1,25;
sl = 0,82.
ʳ 䳿 :
So = Sosusnspsdsysmsl
:
So = 0,830,851,001,000,81,41,250,82 = 1,19 /
䳿 , , :
t = 980 H; = 390 .
33, :
= = 0,75;
φ ≠ φ; φ = 0,7; φ = 2,0;
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: λ = λ = 1,0; γ = γ = 1,0;
:
= t φγλ
= φγλ
:
= 9800,750,711 = 514,5 ;
= 3900,752,011 = 585 ;
[] = 8000 ; [] = 3600 .
6. . ([5]. 21, 22). [5]. 22, 23.
: V = 111 /.
23 :
vc = 1,0;
vo = 1,0;
vj = 0,7;
v = 1,7;
vφ = 1,00;
( = 60 ) v = 0,7;
vλ = 1,00.
䳿 :
V = Vvovcvjvvφvvλ;
V = 1111,01,00,71,71,00,71,00 = 92,46 /.
7. . . ([5]. 25).
:
/.
: n = 250 /.
25 So = 0,65 /.
8. .
([5]. 21), ([5]. 24). N.. : N. > Nnp
:
/.
Nnp = 8,6 .
N. > Nnp 10 > 8,6 .
:
N = 0,6
:
S = n ∙ So
S = 250 ∙ 0,65 = 162?5 /.
9.
L , ;
n , ;
S , /;
L = l + l1 + l2
l , , . l = 14 .
l1 , l1 = 3 .
l2 , l2 = 2 .
L = 14 + 2 + 3 = 19 .
, < 1.
.
. , , .