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Text 1. Structure of Economy .
Text 2. Economic Growth Conditions
Text 3. Inflation and Competitiveness .
Text 4. Industrial Production and Services ..
Text 5. Investment ...
Text 6. Employment and Productivity
Text 7. Export and Import ..
Text 8. State-Owned and Private-Owned Sectors.
Privatization. .
Text 9. Monetary Policy
Text 10. Tax Rates to Provide Incentives .
Text 11. Monopolies and Mergers .
Text 1. Structure of Economy
Exercise 1. Read and translate into Ukrainian
Every economic system tries to anticipate (1) and then meet human needs (2) through the production and distribution of goods and services (3). The economic system is the mechanism that brings together (4) natural resources (5), the labor supply (6), technology (7), and the necessary entrepreneurial (8) and managerial (9) talents.
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So, the first ingredient (10) of an economic system is the natural resources from which goods are produced, and which include the natural fertility of the soil (11), minerals (12), forests, rivers and the riches of the sea (13). Unlike the other ingredients, the natural resources are limited in supply (14), but good organization of living helps cope with (15) this problem.
Second, the amount of available labor (16) and its quality how hard people are willing to work and how skilled (17) they are helps determine the health of an economy. The strong emphasis placed on education, including technical and vocational education (18), also contributes to a countrys economic success.
Third, enterprises (19) which are well organized, well managed and which use up-to-date equipment (20) will generally be more efficient (21) than those which are poorly equipped (22) and badly managed (23). This means that an enterprise should follow the world technological achievements (24) in order to perform better results.
And last but not least, no economic system can do without such an ingredient as entrepreneurship (25). The existence of abundant (26) natural resources and a skillful (27) and willing (28) labor force (29) accounts for (30) only part of the structure of a countrys economy. If left to themselves, these ingredients will not produce anything. The resources must be brought together and directed as efficiently as possible into the areas (31) where they will be most productive (32). So, once the first entrepreneurial investment (33) of capital has been made, someone must be hired to manage the business (34), factory or other endeavor (35) to take the decisions on what, how and where to produce, and to undertake all the responsibilities (36) and the risks.
1. ; 2. ; 3. ;
4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. ; 8. ;
9. ; 10. ; 11. ; 12. ; 13. ;
14. ; 15.; 16. ; 17. ; 18. ; 19. ; 20. ; 21. ; 22. ;
23. ; 24. ;
25. ; 26. ;
27.; 28. ; 29. ;
30. ; 31. ; 32. ;
33. , ; 34. ; 35. ; 36. .
