:
α1, α2, , αr (13)
, k1, k2, , kr, ,
k1α1 + k2α2 + + krαr = 0 (14)
, . n - :
ε1 = (1, 0, 0, , 0),
ε2 = (0, 1, 0, , 0),
................
εn = (0, 0, 0, , 1)
:
1. s n - s > n - ;
2. n - , n - ;
3. n - n , ;
4. , ;
5. , .
6. , . .
7. , , .
.
☺ 74. , : α1 = (5, 4, 3), α2 = (3, 3, 2), α3 = (8, 1, 3). , .
: :
x1α1 + x2α2 + x3α3 = 0,
x1(5, 4, 3) + x2(3, 3, 2) + x3(8, 1, 3) = (0, 0, 0),
( ).
1 | 2 | 2 | -7 x3 | ||||||||||||||
-2 | -9 | 9 x3 | |||||||||||||||
→ | -1 | → | → |
1- : 1R-2R; 2R-3R; 3R-2R3; 2- : 2R-1R; 3R+2R; 3 - : x3 x3 .
: . x3 = 1:
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-7α1 + 9α2 + 1α3 = 0, α3 = 7α1 - 9α2
75. , -: α1 = (2,-1, 3, 5), α2 = (4,-3, 1, 3), α3 = (3, -2, 3, 4), α4 = (4,-1,15,17), α5 = (7,-6,-7,0), , - .
: :
x1α1 + x2α2 + x3α3 + x4α4 + x5α5 = 0,
x1(2,-1, 3, 5) + x2(4,-3, 1, 3) + x3(3, -2, 3, 4) + x4(4,-1,15,17) + x5(7,-6,-7,0) = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
( ).
1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
-1 | -3 | -2 | -1 | -6 | ||||||||||||||||
-7 | -7 | -7 | ||||||||||||||||||
→ | → | -1 | → |
1- : 2R+1R; 4R-3R; 2- :1R-4R; 4R-3R; 1- 2; 3 - : 1- 2- ; 4R-1R; 3R-1R3; 3R+2R2;
4 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||
-3 | |||||||||||||||||||
-2 | -10 | -5 | -5 | ||||||||||||||||
-1 | -4 | → | → |
4- : 3R+2R; 3- 2; 4R+3R; 5- :1R-2R; 2R-3R.
, α1, α2, α3, α4, α5 , .. x4, x5 . α1, α2, α3, , (. ) .
α4, α5 α1, α2, α3, :
) α4:
α4 = x1α1 + x2α2 + x3α3,
(4,-1,15,17) = x1(2,-1, 3, 5) + x2(4,-3, 1, 3) + x3(3, -2, 3, 4),
( ):
1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||
-1 | -3 | -2 | -1 | -2 | -1 | -2 | -1 | |||||||
-2 | ||||||||||||||
→ | → | -1 | -4 | → |
1- : 1R+2R; 4R-3R; 2R+1R; 2- :3R-1R3; 4R-1R2; 3 - : 1R+4R; 3R-2R; 4R+3R;
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-1 | 4 | -1 | 5 | ||||||||||
-2 | -1 | -2 | -3 | ||||||||||
→ | → |
4 - : 2R+3R; 5 - : 2- -2; 1R-2R.
:
α4 = 2α1 -3α2 + 4α3,
) α5:
α5 = x1α1 + x2α2 + x3α3,
(7,-6,-7,0) = x1(2,-1, 3, 5) + x2(4,-3, 1, 3) + x3(3, -2, 3, 4),
, α4 :
1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||
-1 | -3 | -2 | -6 | -2 | -1 | -5 | -2 | -1 | -5 | |||||
-7 | -7 | -2 | -10 | |||||||||||
→ | → | -1 | → |
1- : 1R+2R; 4R-3R; 2R+1R; 2- :3R-1R3; 4R-1R2; 3 - : 1R+4R; 3R-2R; 4R+3R;
4 | 5 | ||||||||||||
-2 | -1 | -5 | -2 | -10 | |||||||||
-5 | -5 | -5 | |||||||||||
→ | → |
4 - : 2R+3R; 5 - : 2- -2; 1R-2R.
:
α5 = 1α1 + 5α2 - 5α3,
: : α1, α2, α3, : α4 = 2α1 -3α2 + 4α3,
α5 = 1α1 + 5α2 - 5α3.
☻ :
76. , : α1 = (2, -3, 1), α2 = (3, -1, 5), α3 = (1, -4, 3).
: .
77. , -: α1 = (1,2, 3, -4), α2 = (2,3, -4, 1), α3 = (2, -5, 8, -3), α4 = (5, 26,-9,-12), α5 = (3,-4,1, 2), , - . .
: : α1, α2, α5, : α3 = 1α1 -1α2 + 1α5,
α4 = 3α1 + 4α2 - 2α5.
78. λ, b α1, α2, α3: α1 = (2, 3, 5),
α2 = (3, 7, 8),
α3 = (1, -6, 1),
b = (7, -2, λ),
: λ = 15:
:
1. , , () ?
2. , . ?
3. n - n ?
, . .
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, (15)
s n , s n . s - , -, . , .. - , .
n - . , , .. ( , !).
: .