3. Answer the questions:
1. What dug wells are usually used for small domestic and farm supplies?
2. How deep could drilled wells be?
3. Why is it so necessary to have a distance between wells?
4. Name all kind of water sources.
5. Storage reservoirs are built high enough, arent they? Why?
6. What does the height of pumps depend on?
7. What do surface waters normally contain?
8. What stages does conventional water treatment processes include?
Give the annotation of the text.
Conversational Practice
1. Remember some of the words and expressions to read the
dialogue:
to handle
staff training
parts supplier
an affiliate
to tackle
Quality Assurance
Accomplishments
quality engineer
2. Read the dialogue Water Supply Engineering in the World:
A. Id like to know if you ever thought of the role of water supply in our rapidly changing world.
B. In popular books and journals we often read that water
supply engineering is making greater strides.
A. And every year engineers are faced with more and more complex engineering problems: the quality of drinking water is awful in the world!
B. To tell the truth I am more puzzled with their complicated methods of purification.
A. Naturally they are constantly improving conventional water treatment processes that includes pretreatment, aeration,
rapid mix, coagulation and flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection.
B. In most cases such problems are called for by industrial or ecological needs.
A. To my mind the role of new technologies in water supplying is great in our society.
B. Right you are. It is great.
3. Answer the questions:
1. Where do we read that science is making great strides?
2. What problems is water supply engineering faced with?
3. Are these problems called for industrial needs?
5. Is the role of an engineer great from this point of view?
Role-play the dialogue with your partner using the information from the text.
Tell about new methods and technologies in water supply engineering.
6. Be ready to discuss the topic: Drinking water in Future. Use set expressions and phrases given below:
a) Id like to know.
b) To tell the truth.
c) Naturally.
d) Thats that.
UNIT VII. TRANSPORT ENGINEERING
AND COMMUNICATIONS
Modal Verbs
( )
, , . . , . to, . (Defective Verbs), , . , , .
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, . , . not, .
I (, , ).
It has been suggested that an end should be put to the barbarous treatment of nature.
, .
II , , .
Some scientists suggest that intelligence life should develop on any planet where conditions are reasonably favourable for it.
, ( ) , .
must Indefinite Infinitive ()
, . , . must to.
I must do it now ( ).
( ) .
to have c to
. , , , , , , , , .
I have to put a new visa in my passport.
( ) .
to be to . .
They are to begin this work at once.
.
Shall 3- 3- . , . .
Where shall he wait for you? ?
Should , why . . , , .
He should help you. .
ought , , Indefi-nite Infinitive , .
He ought not to have built the hospital using toxic materials.
.
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may Indefinite Infinitive (, ). . may to.
You may look through my article.
( ) .
might, to allow .
He was allowed to go abroad.
.
Might , .
He said that she might know this law.
, , , .
The steamer can be discharged tomorrow (an Indefi-nite Infinitive Passive ,
). .
He could (was able to) swim very well when he was young.
, .
, was able , , .
We were able to find all mistakes of the project in twenty-four hours. 24 .
Will 1- , , , , .
Will you show me your calculations.
, , .
Would .
I asked him several times to give up smoking, but he wouldt.
, .
Entry Test
I. Chose the necessary modal verb.
1. I (can / may) speak English.
2. He (can / was able) do it yesterday.
3. You (can / may) take my pen.
4. You (should / must) not make notes in the books.
5. He (have to / should) go. He will have an exam tomorrow.
6. I (can / must) not believe. I failed another test.
7. (might / could) you turn the music down, please.
8. If you want to improve your English, you (can/must) work very hard.
II. Translate the sentences into English using modal verbs can, may, neednt.
1. , .
2. : .
3. .
4. : .
5. .
6. .
7. : .
8. , .
Grammar Study
Study grammar again and do the following exercises.
Ex 1. Paraphrase the sentences using modal verb may:
Example: Possibly you left your book behind.
You may have left your book behind.
1. Perhaps you leftyour drawings in the bus.
2. Perhaps he went to the caféto wait for us.
3. Perhaps they came by plane.
4. Perhaps it was too cold for her to go out.
5. It is possible that he didnt pass the exam yesterday.
6. Perhaps Robert used my iPod.
7. Perhaps Nick has left his notebook at home.
8. Possibly Mary misunderstood you.
Ex 2. Fill in modal verbs can, may, must, need.
1. Every student take exams at the end of each term.
2. Why not you understand it? It is so easy.
3. we do the exercise at once? Yes, you do it right now.
4. you design this project?
5. You not leave to help us: we know what we do.
6. I take your pen? Yes, please.
7. The crane not lift the construction: it is too heavy.
8. Everything is clear and you not go into detail now.
Word Study
1. Study your active vocabulary:
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environmentally compatible movement
involved territory
Air Transportation
Urban Transportation
Highway
Waterway
Pipeline ()
2. Match the phrases:
| 1) facilities 2) transportation engineering 3) forecasting 4) urban transportation planning 5) assignment 6) demand 7) environmentally compatible | a) b) ) - d) e) f) g) |
Reading Practice
Text 1
1. Scan through the text. Note all the words and phrases you dont know. Look them in the English-Russian dictionary.
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
Transportation engineering is the application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation and management of facilities for any mode of transportation in order to provide for the safe, efficient, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods. Transportation
engineering is a major component of the civil engineering and mechanical engineering disciplines, according to specialisation of academic courses and main competences of the involved territory. The importance of transportation engineering within the civil and industrial engineering profession can be judged by the number of divisions (Aerospace; Air Transportation; Highway; Pipeline; Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean; and Urban Transportation)
The planning aspects of transport engineering relate to urban planning, and involve technical forecasting decisions and political factors. Technical forecasting of passenger travel usually involves an urban transportation planning model, requiring the estimation of trip generation (how many trips for what purpose), trip distribution (destination choice, where is the traveler going), mode choice (what mode is being taken), and route
assignment (which streets or routes are being used). More sophisticated forecasting can include other aspects of traveler decisions, including auto ownership, trip chaining (the decision to link individual trips together in a tour) and the choice of residential or business location (known as land use forecasting). Passenger trips are the focus of transport engineering because they often represent the peak of demand on any transportation system.
