, , ' , , , , . 㳿 , 㳿, , . 㳿 . , .
( ) - (, molecular beam epitaxy MBE), . . (J. R. Arthur) (Alfred Y. Cho). . , (), ( ) . , . . . ' . -, , . -, , . . , , . ' . . . . , (, ), . : , , , , . . , . ϳ , , , . . () . . . , , , . . , . . ( ) -
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. 1.1. - |
. ³ . . , , , 15001900 . . , . . , . , . 0,1 , , (~ 15 ). , . -
. 1.2. ( , ) |
. ' . . ʳ , . , GaAs-AlGaAs . 5-6 . , , ( 108 ) , , , ( ), , , . 1.1. - , , . , . . ϳ , . . , . 㳿 .
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. 1.3. : (), () |
( ) , , - , , . , ' . . 1.2 , . , ( , .), . , . . ( ) . . . . 100 3000 . -
() . , , , (, ) . dz (. 1.3) , , 1, 2 ( ). , , . , , . ( ) , ( ). 3. ϳ 4. , . , , . , ~105 . .
. 1.4. , -5 ( . ) |
. . , , . ' , . 5 (. . 1.3) (4,6,8), , . - 9, , , 5. . 1.4.
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. ֳ .
( , ) .
. 1.5 ( , , ) |
- , 㳺, .
. 1.6. : ; |
, (, .5 .6), . , : , (). . 1.5 -1735, , ( ), , '. , , . 1735 . , (. 1.6). , , . (, ). .
. 1.7. - . - "" : 1 ; 2 - ', ( ) в - |
, . ʳ , . , ( ) - (. 1.7) . . , -. ϳ (. 1.8). , -. , , , Z -. , .
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. 1.8. (- -) (- Z -) - |
䳿 ( ), , , - .
. , . , , , . , . , , 15 . , , (HAuCl4) (Na2CO3),
. 1.9. () () |
(N2S2O3´5H2O) . ֳ 70 º. 25 . .
. , , , . , , .
. 1.10. : ; |
. , () ; , . , , (, ). , (. 1.9), , . . , , , , . , , , - (, , ).
. 1.11.̳ Rhodococcus sp. 24 HAuCl4 (). . D |
, . (, ) . , . ҳ ' , , . , , . , , . ' . , , . . , - , (. 1.10). . , ( , , , ); , , .
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. 1.12. Rhodococcus sp. () () 24 HAuCl4 |
, , , , , , . . , Verticillium sp., , AuCl4-, . 25 . Rhodococcus sp., . ֳ ,
912 (. 1.11). , - , (. 1.12).
, , , - , ~ 10 , , . , (, Colletotrichum), .
, 㳿 . , , , , , , .
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