-
, , , , . , (), , .
- () , . . : ( 12.1 12.2) . . , . , , 9 10.
- , , - . ., . , .
12.1
. r = 0.02 . . ( ) () .
, . | , . . | |
:
) ;
) , ;
) ;
) ;
|
|
) ( ) .
.
( ) , . .
= r x , j = 1...
= 0.02 x 300 = 6 . .
= 0.02 450 = 9 . .
R3 = 0.02 250 = 5 . .
= 0.02 x 200 = 4 p. .
, . | , . . | , . . | dR | dn | |
( ), () () :
:
1, 2 = 4+1 + 9-3 = 11 . . R1 < RZ 0; : [ ] ;
:
:
. 12.1 , , .
:
4 . 12.1 .
:
. 12.1 .
, , :
(.) :
)
. = 200 + 50 + 150 + 300 = 700 .;
)
. = 50 (4 + 1 + 3 + 6) = 700 .
(.) :
) . = 225 + 300 + 175 = 700 .;
= . + . = 700 + 700 = 1400 .,
. , . , .. 1550 300 = 1250 (.). :
(1550 + 1250) / 2 = 1400 .,
.
12.2
, . , 6 . ( ) () . 516- , 500-, 404 .
|
|
, . | , . . | |
6.0 | ||
5.0 | ||
2.5 |
:
) ;
) , ;
) ;
) , (22 . );
) .
. , , , , .
() , 12.1:
= 24/6 = 4 . .
= 42/6 = 7 . .
R3 = 6 / 6 = 1 . .
, . . , , 24 . () :
N1 , ;
NH32 , .
, . . NH32 = NH2 ( ).
n3 1,2 = 516 500 = 16 (.) < n,2 = 42 (.).
, , .
(D31j; D1j) :
N. , ;
j- .
, 12.1:
:
, 0.5 . ., D31j = 0.5 . . D1j = 6.5 . .
. 12.2.
:
, 1.5 , 11 , 14.5 . ,
.
, , (NB.MJ) :
N. , .
524:
, (N.MJ), :
, N.M! . , 0.5.
12.3
0.6 . , 1.5 . 42. .
|
|
, 5 . 1760 . 26.8 ., 0.403 .
, , , , , .
(r).
r = / N,
, = 2 x 8 x 55 = 880 (. / . .);
N .
. :
r = 830 / 1760 = 0,5 . / .
VK = / r
;
VK = 0.6 / 0.5 = 1.2 .
:
1) , LK = ,
; ;
2) LK = I + I ( 1) + ΣI., I ; I , , I < In / 2;
ΣI. , , , . .
: 1) LK = [1.5 (42 1)] / 2 = 30.75 ;
2) , . . I = IP = 0.6 ,
ITP = 1.5 / 2 0.6 = 0.15 ,
LK = 0.6 42 + 0.15 (42 1) = 31.35 .
KK.
KK = LK / IP = 31.35 / 0.6 = 53 .,
K:
Mk = m x KK x g,
m ; g ;:
Mk = 0.403 53 9.8 = 209.3 .
, ,
k = xKk,
;
Ck = 26.8 x 53 = 1420.4 .
12.4
(, ) 2.6 . / . 8.5 . 310 . , , , 3 / . 8 .
, , , .
, 2.4 ? 2.5 ?
VK = 8.5 / 2.6 = 3.27 / .
(VB03B) 3 / = 50 / .
(I3)
r t = t B03B ,
t = I3 / VK ;
t B03B = I3 / VB03B .
|
|
I3 = r (VK * VB03B) (VK + VB03B) = 2.6 (3.27 * 50) / (3.27 + 50) = 7.98 .
: LK = 7.98 310 + 6 8 = 2521.8 .
:
= LK / VK = 2521.8 / 3.27 = 771.2 . = 12,85 .
, , . , t = 2.4 (2.4 3.27 = 7.85) , (2.6 2.4 = 0.2) 7.85 / 0.2 = 39.25 / ., 2.35 / .
() 7.98 / 3.27 = 2.44 ., 7.98 / 50= 0.16 .
2.5 , (2.5 x 3.27 = 8.175) , (2.6 2.5 = 0.1) . 8.175 / 0.1 = 81.75 / ., 4.9 / , .
I = VK (t MAX t ) = 3.27 (2.5 2.44) = 0.196,
.
12.5
. t i = (3.6; 7.8; 1.7; 5.5) . / .
0.2 . , 2.6 . 0.4 .
, , 30 . , . 450 .
, , , , . , 830 .
(r)
; N .
, . :
= 2 (8 0.5) 60 = 900 .
: r = 900 / 450 = 2 . / .
(qi) :
r (t i + t ) / qi > 0, = 1... ;
t :
q1 = ](t 1 + t ) / r [ = ](3.6 + 0.2) / 2[ = 2 .,
q2 = ](7.8 + 0.2) / 2[ = 4 .,
q3 = ](1.7 + 0.2) / 2[ = 1 .,
q4 = ](5.5 + 0.2) / 2[ = 3 e.
q 10, LK:
LK = (q 1) x ln / 2,
ln , :
LK = (10 1) x 2.6 / 2 = 11.7 .
,
KK = ] LK / I [,
I , ,
KK = ]11.7 / 0.4[ = 30 .
:
0.83 30 9.8 = 244 .
VK = I / r = 0.4 / 2 = 0.2 / .
, , , , , . . , , , , :
= HOK(qi), =1...K.
= (2, 4, 1, 3) = 12.
() .
:
12.6
(), :
|
|
t i = (2.98; 5.12; 7.84; 14.79; 4.93; 0.62) . / .
, . 5074 . 59 . ( ) .
, . .
. :
= 59 . . 8 / . . 60 . / = 28320 .
= 28320 / 5074 = 5.58 . / .
, 12.5:
, . 12.3.
, , . :
) 1 2 (1,2) , () () ( );
) 3 4 : , , ( 1 ), ;
) 5 6 , : (. . ), , (. . );
) 4 5 , , , .
.
(n)
n = T / r,
T ;
n = (8 * 60) / 5.58 = 86 .
T i T is
Ti = t i * n
1 = 2.98 86 = 256.28 . = 4.27 ;
2 = 5.12 86 = 440.32 . = 7.34 ;
3 = 7.84 86 = 674.24 . = 11.24 ;
31 = 480 . = 8 ;
32 = 674.24 480 = 194.24 . = 3.24 ;
4 = 14.79 x 86 = 1271.94 . = 21.20 ;
41 = 42 = 43 = 1271.94 / 3 = 423.98 . = 7.07 ;
5 = 4.93 86 = 423.98 . = 7.07 ;
6 = 0.62 86 = 53.32 . = 0.89 .
kP
JP , ;
k1 = 256.28 / 480 = 0.94,
k2 = 440.32 / 480 = 0.92,
k3 = 1.00,
k4 = k5 = k6= 423.98 / 480 = 0.88,
k7 = (423.98 + 53.32) / 480 = 0.99.
:
q'i q'i+1 , , i i + 1 .
, , , .
, max .
max .
, max . :
(Hn i,i+1) .
(HCP i,i+1) , (S i,i+1).
S2,3 .
:
S3,4 :
1. , , , , , .
2. , ?
3. ?
4. / . ?
5. () .
6. ? , ? ?
7. ? , ? ?
8. ?
12.1
. . 20 ., . .
, . | , . . | |
1.5 | ||
2.5 |
:
1) , , ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) , , , ;
5) .
.
12.1:
12.2
12.1, : N. = 20 .
, . | , . . | |
12.2:
12.3
. , . . , .
.
, . | , . . | |
:
1) 1 2 ; ;
2) 1 2 ; ; ;
3) ;
4) ;
5) .
.
12.3:
, . . | , . . | , . . | , . | |
: |
= 148 . .; = 76 . .; = 420 .; = 300 . .
= 1704 .
12.4
, . 1200 ., ; 200 ., . . , , , t .
, . | , % | , . | t , . . | , . | , % | , . | t , . . | |
2.1 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.5 | |||||
4.8 | 0.3 | 3.3 | 0.5 | |||||
6.0 | 0.3 | 7.8 | 0.5 | |||||
3.3 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.5 | |||||
4.5 | 0.5 | |||||||
7.7 | 0.5 | |||||||
2.9 | 0.5 |
. 106 , 0,16 / . , . . , 1.0 . .
, , , , .
.
12.4:
, . . | , . . | , . . | , . | |
33.00 | 15.625 | 61.452 | ||
11.46 | 2.604 | 15.431 | ||
1.38 | 0.013 | |||
: |
= 500 .; = 15.625 . .
= 4127 .
12.5
5 ( , 22 . ) 180 . , . 651 , .
36 , 5 . 9 , 1.5 . 160 .
:
) ;
) ;
) , 5 ;
) , ;
) ( ) . .
12.5:
12.6
, . , 4 . ( ), () , , , , , .
, . | , . . | NHB | NH | |
5.5 | ||||
3.0 | ||||
3.5 |
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) () ;
5) ; ;
6) ( 21 ).
.
12.6:
12.7
, , . , . , () , , , . , , .
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) () ; ;
5) , ; ;
6) , ( 20 ).
.
12.7:
12.8
3 / . 150 . / . 48 . . 2 . 11.62 . .
, , , .
12.8: lP = 1.2 ; LK = 95.2 ; K= 921.47 .
12.9
, ( 12.8).
, 210 .
( ) ? , 0.95 . .
12.9: = 1.356 / . 0.95 . = 0.54 , = 0.41, 5 %.
12.10
0.9 0.1 /. ( ) 5 . 420 . 1.8 . , 3.2 , , 8 .
, 6 . , (21 ) , .
12.10: = 10090 .; = 4430 .
12.11
( 12.10), 4.5 / ?
12.11: , (1.8 . / .) , (0.2 ). = 9849 .; = 4420 . 1.8 . / ., 1.76 . .
12.12
(21 ) 4835 . 2.6 / . , , , , , 4 / . 1.6 , . 216 . 5.2 .
. . .
, , ( ), , , , .
12.12: = 4.17 . / .; lP = 10.84 ; l = 10.43 ; LK = 2618.9 ; K = 242 .; = 16.8 .
12.13
( 12.12), +3 %, 3 %.
12.13: , 46 %.
12.14
. 20 . 6 . . 6900 . 0.5 . . 4 . :
t = (2.1; 2.2; 4.7; 11.4; 2.2; 2.0) . / .
0.2 .
, , , , , , 4.8 , , 162.4 .
, ?
12.14: