.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


-

 

, , , , . , (), , .

- () , . . : ( 12.1 12.2) . . , . , , 9 10.

- , , - . ., . , .

 

12.1

. r = 0.02 . . ( ) () .


 

, . , . .
     
     
     
     

:

) ;

) , ;

) ;

) ;

) ( ) .

.

( ) , . .

= r x , j = 1...

= 0.02 x 300 = 6 . .

= 0.02 450 = 9 . .

R3 = 0.02 250 = 5 . .

= 0.02 x 200 = 4 p. .

, . , . . , . . dR dn
       
           
           
           

( ), () () :

 


:

1, 2 = 4+1 + 9-3 = 11 . . R1 < RZ 0; : [ ] ;

 


:


 

:

 


. 12.1 , , .

:


 

4 . 12.1 .

 



 



:

 


 

. 12.1 .


, , :

 

(.) :

)

. = 200 + 50 + 150 + 300 = 700 .;

)


 

. = 50 (4 + 1 + 3 + 6) = 700 .


(.) :

) . = 225 + 300 + 175 = 700 .;

 

= . + . = 700 + 700 = 1400 .,

. , . , .. 1550 300 = 1250 (.). :

(1550 + 1250) / 2 = 1400 .,

.

12.2

, . , 6 . ( ) () . 516- , 500-, 404 .

, . , . .
    6.0
    5.0
    2.5

:

) ;

) , ;

) ;

) , (22 . );

) .

. , , , , .

() , 12.1:

= 24/6 = 4 . .

= 42/6 = 7 . .

R3 = 6 / 6 = 1 . .

 

, . . , , 24 . () :


 

N1 , ;

NH32 , .

, . . NH32 = NH2 ( ).

n3 1,2 = 516 500 = 16 (.) < n,2 = 42 (.).

, , .


(D31j; D1j) :

 

N. , ;

j- .


, 12.1:

 

:


 

, 0.5 . ., D31j = 0.5 . . D1j = 6.5 . .

. 12.2.


 

:


, 1.5 , 11 , 14.5 . ,

 



.

, , (NB.MJ) :

 

N. , .

524:


 

, (N.MJ), :

 


 

, N.M! . , 0.5.

 

12.3

0.6 . , 1.5 . 42. .

, 5 . 1760 . 26.8 ., 0.403 .

, , , , , .

 

(r).

r = / N,

, = 2 x 8 x 55 = 880 (. / . .);

N .

. :

r = 830 / 1760 = 0,5 . / .

VK = / r

;
VK = 0.6 / 0.5 = 1.2 .

:

1) , LK = ,

; ;

2) LK = I + I ( 1) + ΣI., I ; I , , I < In / 2;

ΣI. , , , . .

: 1) LK = [1.5 (42 1)] / 2 = 30.75 ;

2) , . . I = IP = 0.6 ,

ITP = 1.5 / 2 0.6 = 0.15 ,

LK = 0.6 42 + 0.15 (42 1) = 31.35 .

KK.

KK = LK / IP = 31.35 / 0.6 = 53 .,

K:

Mk = m x KK x g,

m ; g ;:

Mk = 0.403 53 9.8 = 209.3 .

, ,

k = xKk,

;

Ck = 26.8 x 53 = 1420.4 .

 

12.4

(, ) 2.6 . / . 8.5 . 310 . , , , 3 / . 8 .

, , , .

, 2.4 ? 2.5 ?

 

VK = 8.5 / 2.6 = 3.27 / .

(VB03B) 3 / = 50 / .

(I3)

r t = t B03B ,

t = I3 / VK ;

t B03B = I3 / VB03B .

I3 = r (VK * VB03B) (VK + VB03B) = 2.6 (3.27 * 50) / (3.27 + 50) = 7.98 .

: LK = 7.98 310 + 6 8 = 2521.8 .

:

= LK / VK = 2521.8 / 3.27 = 771.2 . = 12,85 .

, , . , t = 2.4 (2.4 3.27 = 7.85) , (2.6 2.4 = 0.2) 7.85 / 0.2 = 39.25 / ., 2.35 / .

() 7.98 / 3.27 = 2.44 ., 7.98 / 50= 0.16 .

2.5 , (2.5 x 3.27 = 8.175) , (2.6 2.5 = 0.1) . 8.175 / 0.1 = 81.75 / ., 4.9 / , .

I = VK (t MAX t ) = 3.27 (2.5 2.44) = 0.196,

.

 

12.5

. t i = (3.6; 7.8; 1.7; 5.5) . / .

0.2 . , 2.6 . 0.4 .

, , 30 . , . 450 .

, , , , . , 830 .

 

(r)

; N .

, . :

= 2 (8 0.5) 60 = 900 .

: r = 900 / 450 = 2 . / .

(qi) :

r (t i + t ) / qi > 0, = 1... ;

t :

q1 = ](t 1 + t ) / r [ = ](3.6 + 0.2) / 2[ = 2 .,

q2 = ](7.8 + 0.2) / 2[ = 4 .,

q3 = ](1.7 + 0.2) / 2[ = 1 .,

q4 = ](5.5 + 0.2) / 2[ = 3 e.

q 10, LK:

LK = (q 1) x ln / 2,

ln , :

LK = (10 1) x 2.6 / 2 = 11.7 .

,

KK = ] LK / I [,

I , ,

KK = ]11.7 / 0.4[ = 30 .

:

0.83 30 9.8 = 244 .

VK = I / r = 0.4 / 2 = 0.2 / .

, , , , , . . , , , , :

= HOK(qi), =1...K.

= (2, 4, 1, 3) = 12.

() .


:

 

12.6

(), :

t i = (2.98; 5.12; 7.84; 14.79; 4.93; 0.62) . / .

, . 5074 . 59 . ( ) .

, . .

 

. :

= 59 . . 8 / . . 60 . / = 28320 .

= 28320 / 5074 = 5.58 . / .


, 12.5:

, . 12.3.

, , . :

) 1 2 (1,2) , () () ( );



) 3 4 : , , ( 1 ), ;

) 5 6 , : (. . ), , (. . );

 


) 4 5 , , , .

.

(n)

n = T / r,

T ;

n = (8 * 60) / 5.58 = 86 .

T i T is

Ti = t i * n

1 = 2.98 86 = 256.28 . = 4.27 ;

2 = 5.12 86 = 440.32 . = 7.34 ;

3 = 7.84 86 = 674.24 . = 11.24 ;

31 = 480 . = 8 ;

32 = 674.24 480 = 194.24 . = 3.24 ;

4 = 14.79 x 86 = 1271.94 . = 21.20 ;

41 = 42 = 43 = 1271.94 / 3 = 423.98 . = 7.07 ;

5 = 4.93 86 = 423.98 . = 7.07 ;

6 = 0.62 86 = 53.32 . = 0.89 .

kP


 

JP , ;

k1 = 256.28 / 480 = 0.94,

k2 = 440.32 / 480 = 0.92,

k3 = 1.00,

k4 = k5 = k6= 423.98 / 480 = 0.88,

k7 = (423.98 + 53.32) / 480 = 0.99.


:

q'i q'i+1 , , i i + 1 .


, , , .

 

, max .

max .


 


, max . :


(Hn i,i+1) .

(HCP i,i+1) , (S i,i+1).


 

S2,3 .

:


 

S3,4 :

 

 

1. , , , , , .

2. , ?

3. ?

4. / . ?

5. () .

6. ? , ? ?

7. ? , ? ?

8. ?

12.1

. . 20 ., . .

, . , . .
     
     
    1.5
    2.5

:

1) , , ;

2) ;

3) ;

4) , , , ;

5) .

.


12.1:

12.2

12.1, : N. = 20 .

, . , . .
     
     
     
     

12.2:

 

12.3

. , . . , .

.

 

, . , . .
     
     
     
     

:

1) 1 2 ; ;

2) 1 2 ; ; ;

3) ;

4) ;

5) .

.

12.3:

, . . , . . , . . , .
         
         
         
         
     
:        

= 148 . .; = 76 . .; = 420 .; = 300 . .

= 1704 .

 

12.4

, . 1200 ., ; 200 ., . . , , , t .

, . , % , . t , . . , . , % , . t , . .
  2.1     0.3 1.4     0.5
  4.8     0.3 3.3     0.5
  6.0     0.3 7.8     0.5
  3.3     0.3 0.9     0.5
  4.5     0.5
  7.7     0.5
  2.9     0.5

. 106 , 0,16 / . , . . , 1.0 . .

, , , , .

.

12.4:

, . . , . . , . . , .
  33.00 15.625 61.452  
  11.46 2.604 15.431  
  1.38 0.013  
:        

= 500 .; = 15.625 . .

= 4127 .

 

12.5

5 ( , 22 . ) 180 . , . 651 , .

36 , 5 . 9 , 1.5 . 160 .

:

) ;

) ;

) , 5 ;

) , ;

) ( ) . .


12.5:

 

 

12.6

, . , 4 . ( ), () , , , , , .

, . , . . NHB NH
    5.5    
    3.0    
    3.5    

:

1) ;

2) ;

3) ;

4) () ;

5) ; ;

6) ( 21 ).

.


12.6:

 

12.7


, , . , . , () , , , . , , .

:

1) ;

2) ;

3) ;

4) () ; ;

5) , ; ;

6) , ( 20 ).

.


12.7:

 

12.8

3 / . 150 . / . 48 . . 2 . 11.62 . .

, , , .

12.8: lP = 1.2 ; LK = 95.2 ; K= 921.47 .

 

12.9

, ( 12.8).

, 210 .

( ) ? , 0.95 . .

12.9: = 1.356 / . 0.95 . = 0.54 , = 0.41, 5 %.

 

12.10

0.9 0.1 /. ( ) 5 . 420 . 1.8 . , 3.2 , , 8 .

, 6 . , (21 ) , .

12.10: = 10090 .; = 4430 .

 

12.11

( 12.10), 4.5 / ?

12.11: , (1.8 . / .) , (0.2 ). = 9849 .; = 4420 . 1.8 . / ., 1.76 . .

 

12.12

(21 ) 4835 . 2.6 / . , , , , , 4 / . 1.6 , . 216 . 5.2 .

. . .

, , ( ), , , , .

12.12: = 4.17 . / .; lP = 10.84 ; l = 10.43 ; LK = 2618.9 ; K = 242 .; = 16.8 .

 

12.13

( 12.12), +3 %, 3 %.

12.13: , 46 %.

 

12.14

. 20 . 6 . . 6900 . 0.5 . . 4 . :

t = (2.1; 2.2; 4.7; 11.4; 2.2; 2.0) . / .

0.2 .

, , , , , , 4.8 , , 162.4 .

, ?

12.14:



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