, ( )
n M ¾ M n';
n- ; n- ; .
. : , , .
:
1. ( ): t
2=2 ¾ 2-2 .
2=2 + 2-2 + 2=2 ¾ 2-(2)4-2 ..
2. :
hg
C2=2 ¾ 2-2
3. :
t
(65)2 ¾ [ 265 × ]= 2R
R × + CH2=CH2 ¾ R-CH2-CH2 . .
:
R(CH2)n × + × (CH2)nR' ¾ R(CH2)n(CH2)n R.
, : n= / , n~ 100-1000 .
, (AlCl3, TiCl4, BF3, NaNH2, (C2H5)3Al)
: (C2H5)3Al
Ti4+Cl4 ¾¾¾ [Ti3+Cl4]-
[Ti3+Cl4]- + CH=CH2 ¾ [Ti3+Cl4]-CHC+H2
I I
 |  |
n
[Ti3+Cl4] - -CH-C+H2 + nCH=CH2 [Ti3+Cl4]--CH-CH2--CH-CH2--CH-C+H2
I I I I I
 | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
 |  | ||||||||
 | |||||||||
n
¾¾¾ TiCl4 + CH2CH2CHCH2CH=CH2
I I I
 |  | |
NH3
: NaNH2 ¾ Na+ + NH2-
NH2 - + CH2=CH ¾NH2CH2C - H
I I ..
 | |
( ) , , . , .
: 2=2; 2=; NH2-(CH2)5COOH, I
C6H5
2= -3, 2=-=2,
I I
CH3 CH3
CI
I
2=-=2, 2=-=2; H2=CHCl; CH2=CHCN .
, (, ..)
- (), - , , al . . . , .
|
|
|
.
, . .
, ( ).
( ):
 |  | ||
HOCH2CH2OH + HOOC- -COOH HOCH2CH2OCO- -COOH + H2O
 |
+ HOCH2CH2OCO- -COOH
[HO(CH2)2OCO- -COO(CH2)2OCO- -]n + nH2O
:
H2N-R-COOH + H2N-R-COOH H2O + H2N-R-C-NH-R-COOH
II
:
CH2OH HOOC O O
I II II
CHOH + ¾ HOCH2-CH-CH2O-C- -C-OH + H2O
I I
CH2OH HOOC OH
O COOH
II
+ HOCH2-CH-CH2-O-C- -COOH + 2
I
OH COOH
O O
II II
HO-CH2-CH-CH2OC- -C-OCH2-CH-CH2OH
I I .
O O
C= O C=O
I I
COOH COOH
