(m= 1), , (111.5),
(112.1)
m 0 ,
=2×107/ I 1 = I 2 = 1 R = 1 . (112.1),
() (. 126).
. , d l I . (. (111.2)) d F =IB d l,
(): 1 , 1 , , 1 :
m 0 = 4p×107 /2, (m = 1), (109.3), B=m 0 H,
(/): 1 / , 4p×107 .
5.
, (. 111), , . , Q, v,
(114.1)
, .
: , , v ( Q >0 I v , Q <0 ), , . . 169 v, ( , ) F . . (. (114.1))
a v .
(. 109), . . .
, ( , . 109) .
, , . , . , .
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, F, , , , :
. v .
6.
, (, , . .).
, , , . ( ) ( ). . , . , .
.
1. . , , , -- (. 92). : Q, j1j2, W=Q (j1j2). 10 . - , . .
2. . , . -, -.
3. (, ). . 171. , (1 2) , . . , , .
, , , 1, , (. (115.1)). 1 ( ), , 2, . .
( ) . , . , , .
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20 . (. (39.1)), ( (115.2) ), . ( E =0,5 m =2 m 0, E =10 m =28 m 0 !).
, , , 1944 . . . (19071966) 1945 . . - (. 1907) . , , , , , . , .
4. () (, , , a -), , . , , . , 1 ( , ).
5. , , . 510 .
6. (, ), , . . , . 500 .
7. , (. 137), , . . 100 . W > 100 . 2050 .
* (1879) ( ) j, , , j.
* . (18551938) .
j , j (. 172). j . (. 114), . , ( ), ( ). , . B , , .
, Dj () .
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, I=jS=nevS (S d, , v ),
(117.1)
. . , I d. (117.1) R= 1 / (en) , . : 1) ( ); 2) (. 242, 243), . . , ( ) . .
7.
(. 83) .
d l , , Bl=B cos a ( ), a d l.
( ):
m 0 , :
(118.1)
n , L . , . , ; . , , . 173,
(118.1) , , , .
I, (. 174). r. ( ). ,
(118.1), × 2p r=m 0 I ( ),
, , (. (110.5)).
(83.3) (118.1) , , . , . . . . .
, , .
, , . l, N , (. 175). , , . . . (. . 162, ) , , .
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. 175 . , . , , .
ABCDA, . 175. ABCDA, N , (118.1),
ABCDA : , , CD DA. CD Bl= 0. B =0. DA l ( ); ,
(119.1)
(119.1) ( ):
(119.2)
, ( , , ). , ( , ). , ; (119.2).
, , (. 176). , , , .
, , , . r. , (118.1), B× 2p r=m 0 NI, , ( )
N .
, B× 2p r= 0. , ( ).
8. .
( ) dS ,
(120.1)
Bn = cos a dS (a n ), d S =d S n , d S, n . , cos a ( n). , . (. 109): . , , , , .
B S
(120.2)
, , Bn=B=const
(): 1 , 1 2, , 1 (1 =1 ×2).
: :
(120.3)
, , .
, (. (120.3), (81.2)).
. m, (119.2),
S
, ,
9.
, (. 111). (, , . 177), . , .
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l I ( ), , . , , (. (111.2)),
d x 1 2. , ,
l d x= d S , , B d S= d , . ,
(121.1)
. . , . .
I . , ', . 178 . ( ) ( ) . : A CD.
d A, , A (d A 1) CDA (d A 2), . .
(121.2)
, CDA , , dA 2 > 0.. (121.1), I CDA . CDA d0 , , d2, . ,
(121.3)
, A , , d A 1<0. A d0 , , d1, . ,
(121.4)
(121.3) (121.4) (121.2), :
d2 d1 = d ' , . ,
(121.5)
(121.5), , , . :
(121.6)
. . , . (121.6) .
10. ( )
. 14 , . . 1831 . . , . , , , , .