, , , . , , ; - , - .
1980 Microsoft IBM , . IBM , 80% . . IBM . IBM, 340000 , , , , .
IBM . , : . IBM , . , .
IBM , Intel , Microsoft , , .
IBM, 16- 8088. 8 16- . 16- 1 256 , 8-. , IBM 16 , .. 1/64 . 16-, , 8- . , , . ", 16- IBM , .
IBM, , , . . , - (Tim Paterson). Microsoft, MS-DOS. , , .
|
|
IBM, , PC-DOS; PC . IBM PC 1981 , . PC. (Bill Lowe), (Don Estridge). IBM, .
, IBM PC : PC-DOS, CP/M-86 UCSD Pascal P-system. , , . , MS-DOS , VHS. . -, MS-DOS . -, MS-DOS. -, .
IBM : , , . , IBM MS-DOS . . IBM UCSD Pascal P-system 450 , CP/M-86 175, MS-DOS 60.
IBM, MS-DOS , , IBM PC. IBM , . Microsoft . IBM UCSD Pascal P-system CP/M-86.
IBM PC, 1982 . , IBM PC de facto. ( , Lotus 1-2-3) . (Mitch Kapor) (Jonathan Sachs) 1-2-3 . , (Dan Bricklin) (Bob Frankston), VisiCalc, 1-2-3 . , , ( - ) .
PC. , , PC. PC , IBM . IBM . , , IBM, IBM PC.
|
|
IBM , . 16- . . PC , , .
, IBM, , . . Intel Microsoft . , .
. Apple II Macintosh Apple. Hewlett Packard, DEC, Texas Instruments, Xerox, , , , PC IBM. Eagle NorthStar , , - IBM PC. IBM- , . IBM PC . IBM- . , , , , .
, IBM , Intel Microsoft PC. , IBM PC Intel Microsoft IBM. . IBM , . IBM .
IBM, . - , IBM, , . IBM . , , , , . , .
1983 , . , , MS-DOS . , . , . , , , . , , Microsoft , . , , .
|
|
, . , , , . , . : 11 19 - : QB3. . .
Xerox Palo Alto Research Center , , . , , , - . , : . , Xerox , , . .
1983 Microsoft , Windows IBM PC . : , MS-DOS, , . , : Xerox Star Apple Lisa, , . ; , , . Microsoft , MS-DOS.
1984 , Apple Macintosh. () . , . , , .
Apple Macintosh. (Steve Jobs). - . .
. ? ? Xerox, . . (icons). . , Microsoft Word, , Microsoft Excel, Microsoft.
Macintosh , Apple ( 1995 ) , . , : . Microsoft , , , , , .
|
|
, Apple , . , - .
, .
OS/2 IBM Microsoft . , . , , , , , , . - , - . .
IBM . 1984 6,6 . IBM , PC AT, Intel 80286 ( 286 ). 3 , IBM PC. AT , 70%.
PC, IBM , , PC . , . , IBM , .
IBM . / , , ; , , , . , . IBM , , , , IBM , .
Texas Instruments, IBM , Compaq Computer. MS-DOS, , , IBM PC. , , IBM PC. Compaq 100 . IBM , , , IBM .
, IBM Intel 386, -, 386 . Compaq 1986 Intel 386. Compaq IBM.
IBM : . , . . , IBM- .
|
|
, PC, , . , IBM, . , , . , IBM - . , . , IBM .
1984 Microsoft MS-DOS, IBM- . IBM , MS-DOS; OS/2. , Microsoft , IBM . , IBM (.. ). , MS-DOS. IBM , . OS/2.
IBM, , OS/2 . IBM Systems Application Architecture, . IBM , , - . , , I , . IBM OS/2 ( Extended Edition ), . OfficeVision, OS/2. , , IBM Lotus WordPerfect. OfficeVision . OS/2 , .
, , IBM Extended Edition OfficeVision. Microsoft OS/2, . , , IBM OS/2 - Windows, , , . IBM , . : OS/2 - , , .
IBM . (1986) , . IBM 30% Microsoft ( ), . , . IBM .
IBM , . , ... , , .
. , IBM ( ), ( ) ( ). IBM. , IBM , . , OS/2 , IBM , , .
IBM, 300000 , , . , : , . 10000 , .
221: . : . - IBM , - , - .
, . IBM : , . . IBM , , . , , .
IBM . ? IBM , . , . IBM , .
1987 IBM , . PS/2, OS/2.
PS/2 . , , . Microchannel PS/2 PC AT, , . PC AT, , . , Microchannel , PC AT.
IBM Microchannel . , Microchannel PC AT. Microchannel, PC AT. PS/2 , , PC AT. IBM , . IBM . .
IBM Microsoft, OS/2 . OS/2, Windows. Windows OS/2 , OS/2 , Windows. : , OS/2. . , OS/2 high-end, Windows .
IBM , . 1988 Open Software Foundation UNIX, , Bell Labs AT&T 1969 , . , UNIX . . UNIX , . UNIX , , . UNIX. UNIX. , , .
Open Software Foundation UNIX , , . UNIX . , , Open Software Foundation , . , IBM DEC, UNIX. UNIX- , UNIX- . , , .