, . , .
, . ' - .
(1)
- , .
. , 1000 ( , , , , ) , - , 0.07% . -.
(1) : , , , , , - . . - ( ), , , , , sign-, ', . . ' , , .
, ( ), ( ) n- , , ( ):
. (2)
(2) , 500 (/ ). ( 1) U (V) ( ) , . , : U, V . (2) (.1, ). U, V .
(2) . . , 䳿 , , -, .
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U (V) , , : (.2). . , (2) , (2) . U (V) , , , (.1(, )).
.1. V : ; ( ); , LSB 0.75 /
U (V) . U (V) 1.5-2 , ; (.1). , U (V) .
.2. , U : -1 ; 2 ( ); 3 ( ); - 1 ; 2 ( ); 3 ( ); - 1 ; 2 ( - ); 3 ( )
. , KBG, .
1. U, V.
2. U, V , .
3. U, V , , , - .
4 ().
,
.
, - , ,
.
,
.
: , . : , .
, : Lenna ( ) (.4()), wlet ( ) (.4()), [CIPI, NRCS].
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.4. : Lenna; wlet
, .1,2, , , , ( LSB- .2 ()). , (, salt & pepper), U, V (.5), , : , .
, .1,2, KBG , , (/ ) , , : , , KBG, .
1. , ( : )
U | V | |||||||||||||||
gaussian | speckle | salt & pepper | poisson | gaussian | speckle | salt & pepper | poisson | |||||||||
D=10-3 | D=10-4 | D=10-2 | D=10-3 | d=0.02 | d=0.05 | D=10-3 | D=10-4 | D=10-2 | D=10-3 | d=0.02 | d=0.05 | |||||
Lnna | ||||||||||||||||
wlet |
2. ( : )
U | V | |||||||||||||||||||
LSB-matching | LSB- replacement | -- | LSB-matching | LSB- replacement | -- | |||||||||||||||
(/) | (/) | (/) | (/) | |||||||||||||||||
0.5 | 0.75 | 0.5 | 0.75 | v=0.01 | v=0.05 | p=40 | p=35 | 0.5 | 0.75 | 0.5 | 0.75 | v=0.01 | v=0.05 | p=40 | p=35 | |||||
Lenna | ||||||||||||||||||||
Owlet |
.5. U: Lenna; , salt & pepper d=0.02 Lenna; wlet; - , salt & pepper d=0.02 wlet
LSB-, LSB , KBG : Ker's, Liu's, HGE, NDH COM, RLH COM, Fused feature, Joint feature set [72-75? ], LSB-, . , 500 (/ ), .3, , , [? ]. .3, KBG , , , .
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3. LSB-
, (/) | Ker's | Liu's | HGE | NDH COM | RLH COM | Fused feature | Joint feature set | OUR |
0.5 | 0.5846 | 0.9608 | 0.2898 | 0.5212 | 0.8298 | 0.7324 | 0.9441 | 0.9296 |
0.75 | 0.9052 | 0.9885 | 0.4622 | 0.765 | 0.8468 | 0.9138 | 0.9637 | 0.9615 |
0.9376 | 0.9931 | 0.5642 | 0.9244 | 0.851 | 0.9376 | 0.9732 | 0.9807 |