: .
: 10
.
1. .
2. : , .
3. - , .
.
, . , H2N(CH2)5COOH, , H2N(CH2)2SO3H, , H2NCH[P(O)(OH)2]2, , , H2NC6H4AsO3H2.
; , - . , , . (. 1.).
, - :
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-, (), - . , - L- (S-) :
. , ; ; . , ( pH) - (.. ). -, .
- ( 50×10-30 × ), - .
1. .
. - - | , 0. | 250, /100. | ||
Gly | H2NCH2COOH | |||
Ala | H2NCH(CH3) COOH | 16,6 | ||
Val | H2NCHCOOH ï CH(CH3)2 | 8,85 | ||
Leu | H2NCHCOOH ï CH2CH(CH3)2 | 2,2 | ||
He | H2NCHCOOH ï CH3 ─ CH ─ C2H5 | 4,12 | ||
Phe | H2NCHCOOH ï CH2C6H5 | 283 (.) | ― | |
Asp(D) | H2NCHCOOH ï CH2COOH | 0,5 | ||
Asn(N) | H2NCHCOOH ï CH2CONH2 | 2,5 | ||
Glu(E) | H2NCHCOOH ï CH2CH2COOH | 0,84 | ||
Gln(Q) | H2NCHCOOH ï CH2CH2CONH2 | 4,2 | ||
(+) | Orn | H2NCHCOOH ï CH2CH2CH2 NH2 | ― | |
Lys(K) | H2NCHCOOH ï CH2CH2CH2 CH2NH2 | |||
Arg | H2NCHCOOH ï CH2 ï CH2CH2 NH ─ C ─ NH2 ║ NH | |||
Ser(S) | H2NCHCOOH ï CH2OH | |||
Tre(T) | H2NCHCOOH ï CH2 (OH)CH3 | 20,5 | ||
Tyr(Y) | H2NCHCOOH ï CH2C6H4OH-n | ― | ||
Met(M) | H2NCHCOOH ï CH2CH2SCH3 | 3,5 | ||
(Cys)2 | 0,011 | |||
Cys | H2NCHCOOH ï CH2SH | |||
Try(W) | H2NCHCOOH ï H2C NH | 1,14 | ||
Pro(P) | H2C CH2 ï ï H2C CHCOOH NH | 16,2 | ||
Opr | HOHC CH2 ï ï H2C CHCOOH NH | 36,1 | ||
His(H) | NH2CHCOOH ï H2C ―C ―― CH ï ï N NH CH | 4,3 |
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: , .
1. , , .
2. : -, . . , , -:
, . ; , :
|
( ). , , . - 1906. .. . ( ) . .
.
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3. - . , .
4. , , :
HCℓ∙NH2CH2COOH
. , .
5. :
NH2CH2COOH + NHO2 HOCH2COOH + N2 + H2O
.
6. , . , :
CH3COℓ + NH2CH2COOH H2CONHH2COOH + HCℓ
, CH3CO- , -CH2COOH.
7. - ,
:
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- , . - , .
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- , :
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.
8. . , , , , , :
+ +
NH3CH2CO + C2H5OH + HCℓ NH3CH2COC2H5 Cℓ
║ ║
O O
+
2 NH3CH2COC2H5 Cℓ + Ag2O NH2CH2COC2H5 + 2AgCℓ + H2O
║ ║
O O
- , . , , . .
9. , , HCℓ :
+ +
NH3CH2CO + PCℓ5 NH3CH2CCℓ Cℓ + POCℓ3
║ ║
O O
10. :
+
NH2CH2CO + CH2C O CH3CNHCH2COH + CH3COH
║ ║ ║ ║ ║
O O 2 O O O
+
NH2CH2CO + C6H5Cℓ C6H5CNHCH2COH + Hℓ
║ ║ ║ ║
O O O O
( )
, , .
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11. . -
+ +
NH3CH2CO + CH2I CH3NH2CH2CO + HI
║ ║
O O
+ +
NH3CH2CO + 3CH3I (CH3)3NCH2COH I + 2HI
║ ║
O O
HI , :
+
(H3)3N + CℓCH2CONa (CH3)3NCH2CO + NaCℓ
║ ║
O O
, (Beta vulgaris), , , . :
+ +
H3NCH2CO (CH3)3NCH2CO
║ ║
O O
(, , ).