, , , , . ' , . . 0 14, -7 , < 7, , > 7 . . , , 6,78,6. < 5 > 9, . , , , . , , , . . 7 8,5 , . , , , , , , . , -. , , . , ( 0,5 ) . .
(pH-)
pH, , (+) , . . pH 7, , .
(pH-) - , . . , :
pH = -lg[H+]
pH 0 14. , pH, H+ OH- 110-7 . pH pH pOH 14.
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, pH 0 14, . , [H+] = 10-15 /, pH = 15, [OH-] 10 / pOH = -1.
. , pH ( " ", . pH - pi "ϳ ") - ( ) , , ( ) , . 1909 . pH, potentia hydrogeni - , pondus hydrogenii - . 쳿 pX , -lgX, H (H +). 25 C ([H +]) - ([OH -]) 10 -7 / , , [H +] [OH -] 10 -14 / ( 25 C). , , . , - , - , -, . [H +]> [OH -] , , [OH -]> [H +] - . , , , , - pH. ʳ pH - , pOH, OH -: - 22 C [H +] [OH -] = 1,0 10 - 14, , : pH , pH 0 14, . , [H +] = 10 -15 / , pH = 15, - 10 / pOH = -1. 25 C ( ) [H +] [OH -] = 10 -14, , pH + pOH = 14. [H +]> 10 -7, pH pH 7, pH 7. , , pH
pH | |
pH | |
<1,0 | |
1,0 2,0 | |
(5% ) | 2,0 0,3 |
2,4 | |
- | 3,0 0,3 |
3,0 | |
4,5 | |
5,0 | |
5,5 | |
5,5 | |
5,5 | |
< 5,6 | |
6,35 6,85 | |
6,6-6,9 | |
7,0 | |
7,36 7,44 | |
8,0 | |
() | 9,0 10,0 |
11,5 | |
³ ( ) | 12,5 |
>13 |
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pH 7, 7, .