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, , , , . ' , . . 0 14, -7 , < 7, , > 7 . . , , 6,78,6. < 5 > 9, . , , , . , , , . . 7 8,5 , . , , , , , , . , -. , , . , ( 0,5 ) . .

(pH-)

 

pH, , (+) , . . pH 7, , .

(pH-) - , . . , :

pH = -lg[H+]

pH 0 14. , pH, H+ OH- 110-7 . pH pH pOH 14.

, pH 0 14, . , [H+] = 10-15 /, pH = 15, [OH-] 10 / pOH = -1.

 

. , pH ( " ", . pH - pi "ϳ ") - ( ) , , ( ) , . 1909 . pH, potentia hydrogeni - , pondus hydrogenii - . 쳿 pX , -lgX, H (H +). 25 C ([H +]) - ([OH -]) 10 -7 / , , [H +] [OH -] 10 -14 / ( 25 C). , , . , - , - , -, . [H +]> [OH -] , , [OH -]> [H +] - . , , , , - pH. ʳ pH - , pOH, OH -: - 22 C [H +] [OH -] = 1,0 10 - 14, , : pH , pH 0 14, . , [H +] = 10 -15 / , pH = 15, - 10 / pOH = -1. 25 C ( ) [H +] [OH -] = 10 -14, , pH + pOH = 14. [H +]> 10 -7, pH pH 7, pH 7. , , pH

pH
pH
<1,0
1,0 2,0
(5% ) 2,0 0,3
2,4
- 3,0 0,3
3,0
4,5
5,0
5,5
5,5
5,5
< 5,6
6,35 6,85
6,6-6,9
7,0
7,36 7,44
8,0
() 9,0 10,0
11,5
³ ( ) 12,5
>13

 

pH 7, 7, .





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