:=+.
i ‑ - ;
+1 ‑ i +1 .
: R=-.
r ‑ - ;
z+1 ‑ i+1 .
a : S=*.
s ‑ - ;
+1 ‑ i+1 .
4 : , , .
. ‑ :
+ | ||
: 0 + 1 = ( 1). , 1 + 0 = 1; 1 + 1 = 10.
.
:
11011 1101001 10101011,011 110,0111
+ 10111 110111 + 11010100,101 11,1111
10010 110010 110000000,000 10,1000
. .
3
+ | ||||||||
:
2 + 6 = 10; 11-7 = 2
:
723 126 72165,23 11610,23 19951026
+ 334 27 + 37734,54 2716,67 19951022
1257 77 132121,77 6671,34 4
. , .
4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10
2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11
3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12
4 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12 13
5 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14
6 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15
7 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
8 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
9 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
A A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
B B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A
C C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B
D D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C
E E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D
|
|
F F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E
:
9 + = 14 1A F = B
: =:.
.
n . , , . .
. 1 , n+ 1.
:
256 (10)| 2 = 002; n = 2;
- 200 1 2 8 = 200;
56 = 3.
560
-400
1600
-1600
2.4.
.
: , .
. , .
" ()" , ( ) .
. :
= *q p,
‑ ;
q ‑ ;
‑ .
q 1 < |M| < 1.
, , . , , . , = -13,75 (10) .
-13,75 (10) = -1101,11 (2) = -D,C (16) = -DC*16 1
: = -0,DC00 (16) = -0,1101 1100 0000 0000 (2)
, (), 64 . , :
= +64 (10) =+40 (16) = +01000001 (2)
[A] .. = 1.11011100*101000001
31 0
= +40 (16) 3 7
.1.
|
|
64 +63: -64 (10) < p < 63 (10), 0 < X < 127 (10)
[A] .. = 1.11011100*101000001 (.2.).
1 | ... |
. 2.
0,1£ m <1,
m - ,
p - .
. , .
. , .
, "+" 0; "-" 1. , .
, , "-" "1" .
, , - . .
, .
. ,
(2) =1101 [A].. = 0.1101; (2) = - 0,1101 [A]..= 1.1101
. ,
=*; (2) =1011; B (2) = -1010;
2:
Å | ||
Å ‑ 2.
0+1=1. , 1, .
1010
+ 10110
: [C] . = 1.1101110 (2).
(2) = - 1101110 = - (1*26+1*25+1*23+1*22+0*20) = - (64+32+8+4+2) = - 110(10)..
.
>0, : [A] .. = [A] .
<0, , , . :
b = (q - 1) b .
: +0 = 0.00...0; -0 = 1.11...1. : +0 = 0.00...0; -0 = 9.99...9.
.
. = +(-):
: :
(2) = 1011; [A]..= 0.1011; 0.1011 (10) = 11; [A]..= 0.11; 0.11
(2)= - 101; [A] .. = 1.1010; +1.1010 (10) = -5; [A].. = 9.94; +9.94
(1)0.0101 (1)0.05
+ 1 + 1
0.0110 0.06
() .
>0, :
[A] .. = =[A]..
<0, , , 1.
:
|
|
(2) = - 1010; [A]..= [A].. + 0.0001 = 1.0101+0.0001 = 1.0110.
( , 1 ).
:
: :
(2) = 1011; [A]..= 0.1011; 0.1011 (10) = 11; [A]..= 0.11; 0.11
(2)= - 101; [A] .. = 1.1011; +1.1011 (10) = -5; [A].. = 9.95; +9.95
(1)0.0110 (1)0.06
: (2) = 110; (10) = 6.
() .
. :
1) (2) = 1011,0111; [A]... = 00.1011,0111
(2) = 1101,1011; [B ]... = 00.1101,1011
01.1001,0010
2) (2) = - 1011,0111; [A]. .. = 11.0100,1001
(2) = - 1101,1011 [B] ... = 11.0010,0101
10.0110,1110
, . , . + 00, - ‑ 11. 01 ( ‑ >0) 10 ( ‑ <0)