2003
621.395.126.2;037.372;621.376.56
2002/2003 .
: ..
: . ..
: . .
: ; : ̲, HDB3, ̲, ̲, 21Q, 43, -16; IJ-32(16); DSL.
6- "".
6 27 2003 . |
1................................................................................................................4
1..................................................4
2................................................................................................................5
2..................................................5
2.1 U .................................................5
2.2 ̲.....................................................................6
2.3 HDB3...................................................................6
2.4 ̲......................................................................7
2.5 ̲..................................................................7
2.6 21Q....................................................................7
2.7 4B3T....................................................................7
2.8 -16.......................................8.
2.9 ............8
3...............................................................................................................10
3.................................................10
4...............................................................................................................10
4.................................................11
4.1 ..............................................................11
4.2 ...............................................................12
4.3 ...............................................12
|
|
˳...............................................................................................................13
.
. .. ..............................................14
1
( ) (ֲ, ֲ), n. n ̲ .
n ̲ .
.1.1
1.1
() . | г | , | n | ||
ֲ (=1) | ֲ (=3) | SONET (=2) | |||
1 | STM-1 | -9 | 103 | ||
2 | STM-4 | -12 | 104 | ||
3 | STM-16 | -1 | 105 | ||
4 | STM-1 | -3 | 102 | ||
5 | STM-4 | -36 | 103 | ||
1 | STM-16 | -48 | 104 | ||
2 | STM-1 | -24 | 104 | ||
3 | STM-4 | -18 | 102 | ||
4 | STM-16 | -96 | 103 | ||
5 | STM-1 | -192 | 103 |
1
:
= = = ; =1;2;3 (1.1)
Nå - ;
;
/;
n .
. 1.2.
1.2
ֲ | SONET | Cֲ | |||
, / | , / | , / | |||
1 | 2,048 | -1 | 51,84 | STM-1 | 155.52 |
2 | 8,448 | -3 | 155,52 | STM-4 | 622.08 |
3 | 34,368 | -9 | 466,56 | STM-16 | 2488.32 |
4 | 139,264 | -12 | 622,08 | -- | -- |
5 | 565,148 | -18 | 880,28 | -- | -- |
1 | 1,544 | -24 | 1139,48 | -- | -- |
2 | 6,312 | -36 | 1860,56 | -- | -- |
3 | 44,736 | -48 | 2488,32 | -- | -- |
4 | 274,176 | -96 | 4963,28 | -- | -- |
5 | 564,992 | -192 | 9926,56 | -- | -- |
(1.1).
n min (1.1) n =1; .
2
() : ̲, HDB-3, ̲, ̲, 2B1Q, 43, -16 : DU= (-1) (15*+)*D, -, ,
D .
2
2.1. -87,6/13 . (8- ) :
|
|
Q1 ;
Q2, Q3, Q4 ;
Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8 - , 16- (24=16).
³ - . 2.1.
2.1
D | U. ., | |||||
Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | ||||
64D | 1024D | ³1024D<2048D | ||||
32D | 512D | ³512D<1024D | ||||
16D | 256D | ³256D<512D | ||||
8D | 128D | ³128D<256D | ||||
4D | 64D | ³64D<128D | ||||
2D | 32D | ³32D<64D | ||||
1 | D | 16D | ³16D<32D | |||
1 | D | ³0D<16D |
:
- ( Q1);
Q1: U 01; U<00;
- ( Q2; Q3; Q4)
Q2: U 128D 1; U<128D 0;
Q3: Q2=1;U 512D 1; U<512D0;
Q2=0; U 32D 1; U<32D0;
Q4: Q2=1; Q3=1; U 1024D 1; U<1024D0;
Q2=1; Q3=0; U 256D 1; U<256D0;
Q2=0; Q3=1; U 64D 1; U<64D0;
Q2=0; Q3=0; U 16D 1; U<16D0;
U (. . 2.1).
U 3- (Q2, Q3, Q4).
- ( Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8); .
(N=0..15) :
N = (2.1)
.
.
2.2. ̲ (ϲ -)
1 : 1, 䒺 -1, 0 .
2.3 HDB-3
0000 ̲ ():
-000V 1 ,
- 00V (1001 -100-1) () .
2.4. ̲.
̲ 1 11 00 ̲ (ϲ) , 0 ᳳ 01 .
2.5. ̲ ( ̲).
̲ -3. 1 11, 䒺
-1 00, 0 01 .
2.6. 21Q.
21Q (4- ) () 2 . ( 21Q) 2 (2). 21Q :
10 3; 11 1; 01 -1; 00 -3.
2.7. 43.
43 1, 0, -1, 1, 2 . . 2.2.
|
|
43 : 1 ( 1,2,3,4,5); 2 ( 6,7,8,9,0)
2.2
43 | ||
1(+) | 2(-) | |
0; -1; 1 | ||
-1; 1; 0 | ||
-1; 0; 1 | ||
0; 1; 1 | 0; -1; -1 | |
0; 1; -1 | ||
1; -1; 1 | -1; 1; -1 | |
0; 1; 0 | 0; -1; 0 | |
1; -1; 0 | ||
0; 0; 1 | 0; 0; -1 | |
1; 0; -1 | ||
1; 0; 1 | -1; 0; -1 | |
-1; 1; 1 | 1; -1; -1 | |
1; 0; 0 | -1; 0; 0 | |
1; 1; 0 | -1; -1; 0 | |
1; 1; -1 | -1; -1; 1 | |
1; 1; 1 | -1; -1; -1 |
43 4/3 ().
2.8. -16 (16 )
-16 - . () () (fP) : -8 3; -16 4; -32 5; -64 6; -128 7.
.2.1 () -16 .
2.9. . 2.2. -16 :
- : I ( 0..90); II (90..180); III (180..270); IV (270..360);
- : 30; 45; 60 ;
- U1; U2; U3 (. .2.1) I, II 䒺 III, IV.
-16 .2.3
2.3
-16 | U2 II; 45 | U3 I;60 | -U3 III; 60 | -U2 IV;45 | U1 II; 45 |
3
IJ-32 IJ-16
DU =[(-1) *(5*+)/15]D,
D - .
3
IJ - , , . 15- (IJ-32) 4- (IJ-16) , , 4- 2- IJ .
:
1- S : 1- ; 0- 䒺 ;
3 1- (|DU|).
³ IJ .3.1 ( DU ).
3.1
IJ () | |DU| | |||
-32 | -16 | -32 | -16 | -16 |
S111 | S0 | >3.32 | ³2.85 | ³1.88 |
S110 | --- | 2.913.32 | --- | --- |
S101 | --- | 2.522.91 | --- | --- |
S100 | --- | 2.132.52 | --- | --- |
S011 | --- | 1.662.13 | --- | --- |
S010 | --- | 1.051.66 | --- | --- |
S001 | --- | 0.0311.05 | --- | --- |
S000 | S1 | 00.031 | £0.91 | <1.88 |
4
2- xDSL S =10-(4+), = (60 + ) ; f1 = 800 , a0,8 = 0,1(1+) /
|
|
. 4.1
4.1
. () | xDSL | ʳ | , / | f, | n | |
PCM | 2B1Q | |||||
FCM | 2B1Q | |||||
HDSL | CAP-64 | |||||
FCM | 2B1Q | |||||
FCM | 2B1Q | |||||
PCM | 2B1Q | |||||
HDSL | 2B1Q | |||||
HDSL-2 | TC-PAM | |||||
FCM | 2B1Q | |||||
FCM | 2B1Q |
n ;
f ;
㳿 xDSL.
4
xDSL :
=; (4.1)
4.1 :
=10,65+11,42 lg(-lg P S)+20 lg(), (4.2)
P S - ;
n
ʳ . 4.2
4.2
ʳ | ʳ | |
-8 | 2(3-2)+21=21+2=4 | |
-16 | 2(4-2)+21=22+2=6 | |
-32 | 2(5-2)+21=23+2=10 | |
-64 | 2(6-2)+22=24+4=20 | |
-128 | 2(7-2)+22=25+4=36 |
4.2 :
= -10 lg {2(fP/f1)1.5 10-0.1A j2(a ) 100,1 /(0,23 a )2}, (4.3)
fP xDSL,
f1 , (f1=0,8 )
,
a ,
a = a(fP) li P; li P= a /a(fP), (4.5)
a(fP) , /
a(fP) = a(f1) (4.6)
a(f1) - 0,8, /
j2(a) , . a . 4.3.
4.3
a , | |||||
j2(a) | 0,08 | 0,149 | 0,166 | 0,155 | 0,134 |
4.3 :
- li P( 4.5 a . 4.1);
- ( 4.2);
- ( 4.3, =1,2,...,5).
. 4.1
˳
1. .., .. . -. , 1982.
2. .., .., .. . . . , .., 2001.
3. .. , .. . .- , 2001
4. .., .., .. , , 1980
5. .. , .. . HDSL SDSL. , N10, 2002
:
. ..
1. (12 ) . , , . , , , . . , , .
4 (210*297).
2. .
3. . . , . ʳ (, ) .
|
|
4. , .
5. (), .
:
- , ;
- , .