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1. . .

2. .

3. .

. . :

f(1, 2, 3)= 13 23 12

23 . , .. . , .. . 1:

f= 13 23 (1 1) 12 = 13 12 3 12 3 12

.. 13 123

12 123, f= 13 12

:

. . .

: , .

.

, --, 2-, 3-, 4- ( ).
. , , , .. x1 1 x2 2... xi i = 0 x1 1 x2 2... xi i = 0. , () , , . , . , , , . 1: f(x1x2x3) = x1x2 x1x3 x2x3 1. x1x2: fl = x1x3 x2x3 x1x2 = 1 => x1 = 0, x2 = 0 fl = 0*x3 1*x3 = x3 .. x3 1 x1x2 2. x1x3: fll = x1x2 x2x3 x1x3 = 1 => x1 = 1, x3 = 1 fll = 0*x2 x2 * 1 1 => x1x3 . 3. x2x3: flll = x1x2 x1x3; x2x3 = 1 => x2 = 0, x3 = 1 flll = x1 x1 *1 = 1 => x2x3- . , , . . 2: f(x1x2x3x4) = x1x3x4 x2x3x4 x1x2x4 x1x2x3 x2x3x4 1. 1 : x1x3x4 = 1; x1 = 0; x3 = 1; x4 = 1 f(x1x2x3x4) = x2 0 0 0=x2 .. x1x3x4 . 2. 2 : x2x3x4 = 1; x2 = 0; x3 = x4 = 1 f(x1x2x3x4) = x1 x1 0 0 = 1 .. x2x3x4 . 3. 3 : x1x2x4; x1 = 1; x2 = 0 x4 = 1 f(x1x2x3x4) = 0 x3 x3 0 = 1 .. x1x2x4 . 4. 4 : x1x2x3; x1 = 1; x2 = x3 = 0 f(x1x2x3x4) = 0 0 x4 x4 = 1, .. x1x2x3 . 5. 5 : x2x3x4; x2 = x3 = x4 = 0 f(x1x2x3x4) = 0 0 0 x1 = x1, .. x2x3x4 . 2, 3, 4 f = x1x3x4 x2x3x4 f , . x2x3x4; x1x2x4; x1x2x3; => x1x3x4 x2x3x4 x1x2x3
  • x2 = 0; x3 = x4 = 1 => f1 = x1 0
  • x1 = 1; x2 = 0; x4 = 1 => f2 = 0 0
  • x1 = 1; x2 = x3 = 0 => f3 = 0 x4
.. , x2x3x4, : f(x1x2x3x4) = x1x3x4 x1x2x4 x1x2x3 x2x3x4 , , , ..: x1x2x4 x1x2x3. 1. x1x2x4: x1 = 1; x2 = 0; x4 = 1 f(x1x2x3x4) = 0 x3 0 = x3 .. x1x2x4 2. x1x2x3: x1 = 1; x2 = x3 = 0 f (x1x2x3x4) = 0 x4 x4 = 1, .. x1x2x3 , f(x1x2x3x4) = x1x3x4 x1x2x4 x2x3x4 - . , , . . , , . . .
, , . , : 1. : 0 1 (). , (1), (0), ; 2. , ; 3. , , ( ) . : x1x2x4 , : x1x2x4: 11-0- , : f(x1x2x3x4) = x1x2x3x4 x1x2x3x4 x1x2x3x4 x1x2x3x4 : f(x1x2x3x4) = 1101 1010 0101 1000 : , ( ), , , .. , . , . , . - . :
  * 10-0 -
  *
  * -101 -
  *

, :

10-0 -101, .. f(x1x2x3x4) = x1x2x4 x2x3x4

. : , , . . , . * () , ( ). , ( ), .

:

A B C D E F
r *     * *  
p *         *  
q     *   *  
m     *      
n *         *

, n ( F), r ( D). p. , .

:

f1min = n r p q

f2min = n r p m

.. .

: , , .

, . , ( - ) . , . , 2, 3 4- . 2- , , . , , . , , . , .
  • xy xy xy;
  • xy xy xy;
  • xy xy xy;
  • xy xy xy;
, : , . 2- : , , . , , , ( ), . : f(x,y) = xy xy xy , : fmin(x,y) = x y , . , . 3- , , : , , , , . , . , , , . , , :
x1x2x3 x1x2x3
x1x2x3 x1x2x3

, :

x1x2 x1x2
x1x2 x1x2

, , , :

x2 x2
x2 x2

, x2. .

, .

, . , .

:

f(x1x2x3) = x1x2x3 x1x2x3 x1x2x3 x1x2x3 x1x2x3

fmin(x1x2x3) = x3 x1x2

, , x1x2x3 x1x2x3, x1x2.

4- 4- : , 2-, 3- . : . , . : f(x1,x2,x3,x4) = x1x2x3x4 x1x2x3x4 x1x2x3x4 x1x2x3x4 x1x2x3x4 x1x2x3x4 : fmin(x1,x2,x3,x4) = x1x4 x3x4 , , , . , . . (), 2. , n , n-1 , n-2 .. , . . 4.1. C A,B,D *– : 1. 2. 3. 4. . f(x1x2x3) , : f(x1x2x3) = x1x2 x1x2x3 x1x2 : x1x2 = x1x2 (x3 x3) = x1x2x3 x1x2x3, . : fmin(x1,x2,x3) = x2x3 x1x2 x1x2 : . : (> 6) .
, , .
, , , . . , (.. "0" "1"). . f(x1,x2,...xn) "" . (x1,x2,...xn) f(x1,x2,...xn), , f(x1,x2,...xn) , . , 2 , f(x1,x2,...xn). f(x1,x2,...xn) (x1,x2,...xn), . 0(x1,x2,...xn), 1(x1,x2,...xn), 0 1 . . f(x1,x2,...xn) 1(x1,x2,...xn), 0(x1,x2,...xn), . : f(x1,x2,...xn) :
f(x1,x2,...xn)   - - -             -     - -  
                               

0(x1x2x3x4) = 0 5 8 12 15 = x1x2x3x4 x1x2x3x4 x1x2x3x4 x1x2x3x4 x1x2x3x4 = 0000 0101 1000 1100 1111,

1(x1x2x3x4) = 0 1 2 3 5 8 10 12 13 14 15 = 0000 0001 0010 0011 0101 1000 1010 1100 1101 1110 1111

1(x1x2x3x4)

1
  *   000- 00-0 -000 * 00- - 00- - -0-0
  * *
* *
*   00-1 0-01 001- -010 1-00 *
  * -
* * 1- -0
* *
* *
    *   -101 1-10 110- 11-0 -
*
  * - 11- -
-
  * 111- *

1(x1x2x3x4)

1(x1x2x3x4) = 0-01 -101 110- 11-0 00- - -0-0 1- -0 11- -

.

0          
1
0-01   +      
-101   +      
110-       +  
11-0       +  
00-- +        
-0-0 +   +    
1--0     + +  
11--       + +

0 1 f(x1x2 x3 x4)

f1min(x1x2 x3 x4) = 11- - -0-0 -101 = x1x2 x2x4 x2x3x4

f2min(x1x2 x3 x4) = 11- - -0-0 0-01 = x1x2 x2x4 x1x3x4

.

:

f(x1x2 x3 x4) . : , , "*" () .

, : x1x2x3x4, x1x2x3x4, x1x2x3x4 "" , 2- , x2x3.

x1x2x3x4 "" .

, fmin(x1x2 x3 x4) = x2x3 x1x4 x3x4 x1x2.

. , , , .

, .

() f8(x1,x2)
x1        
x2        
f8        

, "":

f8(x1,x2) = x1x2 = x1 x2

x1 x2 = x1x2

:

f(x1,x2,...xn) = x1 x2 x3 ... xn = x1x2x3...xn

:

x1 x2 x3 ... xn = x1x2x3...xn = x1 x2 x3 ... xn

:

x1 x2 x3 ... xn = x1 x2 x3 ... xn

..

x1 x2 x3 ... xn = x1 x2 x3 ... xn

:

x x = xx = x

x1 x2 = x1x2 = x2x1 = x2 x1

x1 x2 x3 = (x1x2) x3 = x1x2x3 x1 (x2x3),

..

x1 x2 x3 = (x1 x2) x3 = x1 (x2 x3)

x1 x2 x3 x4 = (x1 x2) (x3 x4)

, :

1.

2.

3.

, .

,

f = Q1Q2Q3... Qn

Qi :

Qi = (xr xp xq ... xw xf xe ... xz)

,

Qi = (xr xp xq ... xw xf xe ... xz) = (xr * xp * xq *... xw * xf * xe *... * xz)

, :

Qi = (xr xp xq ... xw xf xe ... xz)

, , :

f = Q1 Q2 Q3 ... Qn

: :

1.

2.

3. , .

:

f(x1x2 x3) = (x1 x2 x3) (x1 x4) (x2 x4) = (x1 x2 x3) (x1 x4) (x2 x4)

. , , ( , " ", , " " "-" - ).

, : xi = xi xi, , !

x1        
x2        
f14        

, f8, .

f14 (x1,x2) = x1 x2 ( )

x1| x2 = x1 x2 = x1 x2 = x1x2 = x1 x2

:

x1 | x2 |... | xn = x1x2...xn

:

x | x = x x = x

x1 | x2 | x3 = (x1 x2)| x3 = x1| (x2 x3)

x1 | x2 | x3| x4 = (x1 x2)| (x3 x4)

" ".

1.

2.

3. , , .

:

f(x1x2 x3) = x1x2 x3 x1x2 x1x2x3 = = (x1|x2|x3)|(x1|x2)|(x1|x2|x3)

.

, , . , "", "", "".

, .

.

:

1. . , , . , :

f(x1x2x3) = x1x2x3 x1x2x3 x1x2x3 x1x2x3 x1x2x3 = (x1 x2 x3) (x1 x2 x3) (x1 x2 x3),

.. .

2. ,

:

x = (x y)(x y) = xx xy yx yy (x y) = (x y z)(x y z)

............,

.

3. :

(x y)(x y) = x(x y)(x y)

: x(x y) = x, .

4. : , , .

o . , , . , .

, .

o , .

o , "0" , , . .

, , .
, , , . , 19 , , , . -. , , . , , , , . . . , , . : " ? " - . , , , - 10 . . , , . , , , , , , , , . , (, , ): 12 = 1, 20 = 1. - , : I - 1, V - 5, X - 10, L - 50, C - 100, D - 500, M - 1000. (, , ..) :
  • .
  • .
  • .
. . (, ) - , . . . . - , . . "n" , , , . a4a3a2a1 - ; a1, a2, a3, a4 - . , . - , , . : 0, 1, 2, 3,..., 9. "p" . : ... p3 p2 p1 p0. , , , a4a3a2a1 : a0p0 + a1p1 + a2p2 + a3p3 - . : 97310 = 3*100 + 7*101 + 9*102 = 3 + 70 + 900. , , .. , . , . , - . X : n X = pm Σ aip-i, i=1 m - , . n - . ai - , .. ai = {0, 1, 2,..., p-1}. p - . : - 961,13 = - (9*102 + 6*101 + 1*100 + 1*10-1 + 3*10-2). 1. , , , .. "p", "p" (), : pp = 10p 2. , - - . 3. , . . , , , .. : 4.... +3, +2, +1, 0, -1, -2, -3...
. , 10 ? , ? , .. (ENIAC) . . - . , , , . , , , . , . , . , . : .. "p"-, "p", , "p"- , .. .




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: 2017-01-28; !; : 433 |


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