()
, , .
:
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5.
, . , - ( ).
:
1. .
1.1. (I1, I2, , I), ;
1.2. N=-1 ;
1.3. Nk = -+1, .
2. . ()
xi =Ii ; aji , ; i , .
3. , :
D ; D i , D i - i.
, . I1
1. . 1.1 n = 2, m = 3,
2.5.1.
. .
m, n. . , , , , , , m. n-1 . m-(n-1) .
. 2.20.
:
I, II, III
1. .
, m = 5, n = 3. , . . n 1 = 2 (, ).
2.
|
|
"" - I 1 - I 2 + I 4 = 0.
"" - I 1 + I 2 - I 3 - I 5 = 0.
m - (n - 1) = 3 .
I - R 1 I 1 - R 2 I 2 = - E 1 + E 2.
II - R 2 I 2 + R 3 I 3 + R 4 I 4 = - E 2 - E 3.
III - - R 3 I 3 + R 5 I 5 = E 3.
, , . - , , .
. , ,
- I 1 - I 2 + 0 + I 4 + 0 = 0
I 1 + I 2 - I 3 + 0 - I 5 = 0
R 1 I 1 - R 2 I 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 = - E 1 + E 2
0 + R 2 I 2 + R 3 I 3 + R 4 I 4 + 0 = - E 2 - E 3
0 + 0 + - R 3 I 3 + 0 + R 5 I 5 = E 3.
[ R ][ I ] = [ ],
[ R ] (5 5) , ;
[ I ] - ;
[ E ] - , .
[ I ] = [ R ]-1[ E ],
[ R ]-1 , [ R ].
, , . , 2.
2- . , . 2- . , .
, , (. 4.29).
. 4.29 |
E |
I |
Z i I |
Z i II |
) E = I Z i I;
) Zi II = Zi I.
1) .
) , b.
) .
) Nk = b y + 1.
, .
: Ik 1; Ik 2; IkNk.
.
2) , Nk = Nk :
Iki i - ;
Zii i - , i - ;
Zji i - j - . , +, , , ;
|
|
Eki i - . , i - . Eki +, , , .
3) Iki= .
4) , . +, .
, .
. (. 4.30). .
1.
) b = 6; ) y = 4; ) Nk = 6 4 + 1=3.
2)
. 4.30 |
I |
Z 1 |
II |
III |
I 1 |
E 1 |
I 5 |
I 2 |
I 3 |
I 4 |
Z 3 |
Z 6 |
Z 5 |
Z 4 |
Z 2 |
Ik 2 |
Ik 3 |
Ik 1 |
E 11 = E 1; E 22 = 0; E 33 = 0.
3) Iki = .
4) : I 1 = Ik 1; I 2 =
= Ik 1 Ik 2; I 3 = Ik 1 Ik 3; I 4 = Ik 2 + Ik 3; I 5 = Ik 2; I 6 = Ik 3.
2. , . 2.21.
1.
) b = 5; ) y = 3; ) Nk = 5 3 + 1=3.
2) ,
. 2.21.
J 1, J 2, J 3. , , . ,
(R 1 + R 2) J 1 - R 2 J 2 = E 2 - E 1
- R 2 J 1 + (R 2 + R 3 + R 4) J 2 - R 3 J 3 = - E 2 - E 3
- R 3 J 2 + (R 3 + R 5) J 3 = E 3.
, J 1, J 2, J 3. , , 2- ,
I 1 = J 1; I 2 = J 2 - J 1; I 3 = J 2 - J 3; I 4 = J 2; I 5 = J 3.
[ R ][ J ] = [ E ],
[ R ] ;
[ J ] ; [ E ] .
[ J ] = [ R ]-1 [ E ],
[ R ]-1 , [ R ]
3. , . 1.1, :
:
:
: I 1 = Ik 1; I 2 = Ik 2 Ik 1; I 3 = Ik 2.
4. . 2.22.
. 2.22.
, . 2.22, : E 1 = 30 B; E 2 = 10 ; R 1 = 8 ; R 2 = 15 ; R 3 = 36 . . .
(m = 3), (n = 2). . , , m - (n - 1) = 2. (, )
(R 1 + R 2) J 1 - R 2 J 2 = E 1 - E 2
- R 2 J 1 + (R 2 + R 3) J 2 = E 2.
, J 1, J 2 (, )
20 = 23 J 1 15 J 2
10 = - 15 J 1 + 51 J 2
I 1 = J 1 = 1,23 ; I 2 = - J 2 + J 1 = 1,23 - 0,56 = 0,67 ; I 3 = J 2 = 0,56 .
|
|
.
()
= 1 I 1 - 2 I 2 = 301,23 100,67 = 30,2 ,
2 I 2 ( , ).
, ,
= R 1 I 12 + R 2 I 22 + R 3 I 32 = 81,232 + 150,562 + 360,562 = 30,13 .
1%, . . .
()
. . .
, , (. 4.31).
) I = E / Zi I;
. 4.31 |
E |
I |
Z i I |
Z i II |
) Zi II = Zi I.
1) .
) b y. Ny = y 1.
) . , , , .
2) 1- N :
,
Yii . , i - , +;
Yij i - j - . ;
Iii , i - . +, .
3)
.
4)
I = (j1 j2)/ Z.
. (. 4.32). .
Z 2 |
I 2 |
Z 4 |
Z 3 |
Z 1 |
I 1 |
I 3 |
I |
I |
I 4 |
I 2 |
I 1 |
E 2 |
E 1 |
Z 4 |
Z 3 |
Z 2 |
Z 1 |
. 4.32 . 4.33
.
) b = 4;
) N = 2, : φ1 φ2 (. 4.33).
:
;
.
.
:
.